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2007/2008 Report
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2007/2008 Report

Bulgaria
HDI Rank - 53
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01. Human development index
Human development index value, 20050.824
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 200572.7
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200598.2
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200581.5
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 20059,032
Life expectancy index0.795
Education index0.926
GDP index0.752
GDP per capita (PPP US$) rank minus HDI rank11
1a. Basic indicators for other UN member states
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 2000-0572.7
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200598.2
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200581.5
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 20059,032
Population, total (thousands), 20047,745
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-051.3
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200515
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 200493
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 2005<0.1 [<0.2]
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002/048
Population using an improved water source (%), 200499
02. Human development index trends
Human development index (trends), 1975..
Human development index (trends), 19800.771
Human development index (trends), 19850.792
Human development index (trends), 19900.794
Human development index (trends), 19950.785
Human development index (trends), 20000.800
Human development index (trends), 20050.824
03. Human and income poverty: developing countries
Human poverty index (HPI-1) rank..
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) value (%)..
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40 (% of cohort), 2000-054.1
Adult illiteracy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-20051.81
Population not using an improved water source (%), 20041
Children underweight for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005..
Population living below $1 a day (%), 1990-2005..
Population living below $2 a day (%), 1990-20056.1
Population living below the national poverty line (%), 1990-200412.81
HPI-1 rank minus income poverty rank..
04. Human and income poverty: OECD countries, Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS
Human poverty index (HPI-2) rank..
Human poverty index (HPI-2) value (%)..
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 60 (% of cohort), 2000-0515.9
Population lacking functional literacy skills (% aged 16-65), 1994-2003..
Long-term unemployment (% of labour force), 2006..
Population living below 50% of median income (%), 2000-2004..1
Population living below $11 a day (1994 PPP US$), 1994-95..
Population living below $4 a day (1990 PPP US$), 2000-0439.91
HPI-2 rank minus income poverty rank..
05. Demographic trends
Population, total (millions), 19758.7
Population, total (millions), 20057.7
Population, total (millions), 20157.2
Population, annual growth rate (%), 1975-2005- 0.4
Population, annual growth rate (%), 2005-15- 0.8
Population, urban (% of total population), 197557.6
Population, urban (% of total population), 200570.0
Population, urban (% of total population), 201572.8
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 200513.8
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 201513.5
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 200517.2
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 201519.2
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 1970-752.2
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-051.3
06. Commitment to health: resources, access and services
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20044.6
Private expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20043.4
Health expenditure per capita (PPP US$), 2004671
One-year-olds fully immunized against tuberculosis (%), 200598
One-year-olds fully immunized against measles (%), 200596
Children with diarrhoea receiving oral rehydration and continued feeding (% under age 5), 1998-2005..
Contraceptive prevalence rate (% of married women aged 15-49), 1997-200542
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%), 1997-200599
Physicians (per 100,000 people), 2000-043561
07. Water, sanitation and nutritional status
Population using improved sanitation (%), 199099
Population using improved sanitation (%), 200499
Population using an improved water source (%), 199099
Population using an improved water source (%), 200499
Population undernourished (% of total population), 1990-9282
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002-048
Children under weight for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005..
Children under height for age (% under age 5), 1996-200591
Infants with low birthweight (%), 1998-200510
08. Inequalities in maternal and child health
Survey year for inequality data in table 8..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, poorest 20% (%)..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, richest 20% (%)..
One-year-olds fully immunized, poorest 20% (%)..
One-year-olds fully immunized, richest 20% (%)..
Children under height for age, poorest 20% (% children under age 5)..
Children under height for age, richest 20% (% children under age 5)..
Infant mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Infant mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Under-five mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Under-five mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
09. Leading global health crises and risks
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 2005<0.1 [<0.2]
Condom use at last high-risk sex, women (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Condom use at last high-risk sex, men (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 using insecticide-treated bednets (%), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 with fever treated with antimalarial drugs (%), 1999-2005..
Tuberculosis cases, prevalence (per 100,000 people), 200541
Tuberculosis cases detected under DOTS (%), 200590
Tuberculosis cases cured under DOTS (%), 200380
Prevalence of smoking, women (% of adults), 2002-04233
Prevalence of smoking, men (% of adults), 2002-04443
10. Survival: progress and setbacks
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 1970-7571.0
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 2000-0572.4
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 197028
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200512
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 197032
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200515
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, female (% of cohort), 2000-0585.3
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, male (% of cohort), 2000-0568.3
Maternal mortality ratio, reported (per 100,000 live births), 1990-20046
Maternal mortality ratio, adjusted (per 100,000 live births), 2000111
11. Commitment to education: public spending
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 19915.4
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-054.2
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 1991..
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 2002-05..
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 199170
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 2002-0536
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 2002-0545
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 199114
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 2002-0519
12. Literacy and enrolment
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1985-1995..
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200598.2
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1985-1995..
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1995-200598.2
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 199186
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 200593
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 199163
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 200588
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 199191
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 2004..
Tertiary students in science, engineering, manufacturing and construction (% of tertiary students), 1999-200527
13. Technology: diffusion and creation
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 1990250
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 2005321
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 19900
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 2005807
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 19900
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 2005206
Patents granted to residents (per million peole), 200510
Receipts of royalties and license fees (US$ per person), 20050.7
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP), 2000-20050.51
Researchers in R&D (per million people), 1990-20051,263
14. Economic performance
GDP (current US$ billions), 200526.6
GDP, PPP (current international $ billions), 200569.9
GDP per capita (US$), 20053,443
GDP per capita, PPP (2005 international $), 20059,032
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20050.74
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1990-20051.5
GDP per capita, highest value (2005 PPP US$), 1975-20059,0324
GDP per capita, year of highest value2005
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 1990-200567.6
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 2004-055.0
15. Inequality in income or expenditure
Survey Year20035
Share of income or consumption, poorest 10% (%)3.4
Share of income or consumption, poorest 20% (%)8.7
Share of income or consumption, richest 20% (%)38.3
Share of income or consumption, richest 10% (%)23.9
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 10% to poorest 10%7.0
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 20% to poorest 20%4.4
Gini index29.2
16. Structure of trade
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 199037
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 200577
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 199033
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 200561
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 1990..
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 200537
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 1990..
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 200559
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 1990..
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 20054.7
Terms of trade (2000=100), 2004-2005..
17. OECD-DAC country expenditures on aid
Official development assistance, net disbursed (US$ millions), 2005..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 1990..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 2005..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 1990..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 2005..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 1990..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 2005..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 1996-1997..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 2004-2005..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 1990..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 2005..
18. Flows of aid, private capital and debt
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (US$ millions), 2005..
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) per capita (US$), 2005..
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 1990..
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 2005..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 1990(.)
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 20059.8
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 19900
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 20054.7
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 1990..
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 200521.7
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 1990..
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 200531.5
19. Priorities in public spending
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20044.6
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 19915.4
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-054.2
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 19903.5
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 20052.4
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 1990..
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 200521.7
20. Unemployment in OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 2006..
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 2006..
Unemployment rate, average annual (% of labour force), 1996-2006..
Unemployment rate Female (% of male rate), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate, total (% of labour force aged 15-24), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, women (% of total unemployment), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, men (% of total unemployment), 2006..
21. Unemployment and informal sector work in non-OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 1996-2005334
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 1996-200510.1
Unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 1996-200595
Employment, total (thousands), 1996-20052,980
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment), 1996-20059
Employment in industry (% of total employment), 1996-200534
Employment in services (% of total employment), 1996-200557
Survey year, 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, both sexes (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, female (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, male (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
22. Energy and the environment
Electricity consumption per capita (kilowatt-hours), 20044,582
Electricity consumption per capita (% change), 1990-2004- 0.1
Electrification rate (%)..
Population without electricity (millions)..
GDP per unit of energy use (2000 PPP US$ per kg of oil equivalent), 20043.0
GDP per unit of energy use (% change), 1990-20040.4
Forest area (% total land), 200532.8
Forest area (thousand sq km), 200536.3
Forest area change from 1990-2005 (thousand sq km), 1990-20053.0
Forest area, average annual change (%), 1990-20050.6
23. Energy sources
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 199028.8
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 200520.1
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 199032.1
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 200534.6
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 199033.7
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 200524.6
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 199018.7
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 200514.0
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 19900.6
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 20052.0
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 19900.6
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 20053.7
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 199013.3
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 200524.3
24. Carbon dioxide emissions and stocks
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 199075.3
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 200442.5
CO2 emissions, average annual change in (%), 1990-2004- 3.1
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 19900.3
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 20040.1
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 19908.4
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 20045.5
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 19902.61
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 20042.25
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 19901.29
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 20040.72
CO2 emissions/sequestration from forests (Mt CO2 per year), 1990-2005- 18.3
Carbon stocks in forests (living biomass) (Mt C), 2005263.0
25. Status of major international environmental treaties
Status of environmental treaties - Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (year of ratification/signature)2000
Status of environmental treaties - Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)1995
Status of environmental treaties - Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)2002
Status of environmental treaties - Convention on Biological Diversity (year of ratification/signature)1996
Status of environmental treaties - Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature), 19881990
Status of environmental treaties - Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature)1990
Status of environmental treaties - Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (year of ratification/signature), 20012004
Status of environmental treaties - UN Law of the Sea (year of ratification/signature)1996
Status of environmental treaties - UN Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (year of ratification/signature)2001
26. Refugees and armaments
Internally displaced people (thousands), 2006..
Refugees by country of asylum (thousands), 20065
Refugees by country of origin (thousands), 20063
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 1996123
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 200620
Conventional arms transfers, exports (1990 US$ millions), 20060
Conventional arms transfers, exports (% of world total), 2002-06(.)
Armed forces (thousands), 200751
Armed forces, index (1985=100), 200734
27. Crime and justice
Homicides (per 100,000 people), 2000-20043.1
Prison population total, 200711436
Prison population (per 100,000 people), 2007148
Prison population (% female), 20073
Year in which countries have partially or completely abolished the death penalty1998
28. Gender-related development index
Gender-related development index (GDI) rank, 200550
Gender-related development index (GDI) value, 20050.823
Life expectancy at birth, female (years), 200576.4
Life expectancy at birth, male (years), 200569.2
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200597.7
Adult literacy rate, male (% aged 15 and older), 200598.7
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, female (%) , 200581
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, male (%) , 200582
Estimated earned income, female (PPP US$), 20057,176
Estimated earned income, male (PPP US$), 200511,010
HDI rank minus GDI rank, 20051
29. Gender empowerment measure
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) rank42
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) value0.606
Seats in parliament (% held by women)22.1
Legislators, senior officials and managers (% female), 1999-200534
Professional and technical workers (% female), 1994-200560
Ratio of estimated female to male earned income0.65
30. Gender inequality in education
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older) , 200597.7
Adult literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20050.99
Youth literacy rate, female (% aged 15-24), 200598.1
Youth literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20051.00
Net primary enrolment rate, female (%), 200593
Net primary enrolment rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20050.99
Gross primary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005101
Gross primary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio)0.99
Gross secondary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005101
Gross secondary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20050.95
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio, female (%), 200547
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20051.14
31. Gender inequality in economic activity
Economic activity rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200541.2
Economic activity index (1990=100), female (aged 15 and older), 200569
Economic activity rate (female rate as % of male rate, aged 15 and older), 200578
Employment in agriculture, female (% of total female employment), 1995-20057
Employment in agriculture, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200411
Employment in industry, female (% of total female employment), 1995-200329
Employment in industry, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200339
Employment in services, female (% of total female employment), 1995-200364
Employment in services, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200350
Contributing family workers, women (% of total), 1995-200565
Contributing family workers, men (% of total), 1995-200435
33. Women’s political participation
Year women received right to vote1937, 1945
Year women received right to stand for election1945
Year first woman elected (E) or appointed (A) to parliament1945 E
Women in government at ministerial level (as % of total), 200523.8
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 199021.0
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 200722.1
Seats in upper house or senate (% held by women), 2007NA
34. Status of major international human rights instruments
Status of human rights instruments: International convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (year of ratification/signature), 19481950
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (year of ratification/signature), 19651966
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (year of ratification/signature), 19661970
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (year of ratification/signature), 19661970
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (year of ratification/signature), 19791982
Status of human rights instruments: Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (year of ratification/signature), 19841986
Status of human rights instruments: Convention on the Rights of the Child (year of ratification/signature), 19891991
35. Status of fundamental labour rights conventions
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 87 (year of ratification/signature)1959
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 98 (year of ratification/signature)1959
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 29 (year of ratification/signature)1932
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 105 (year of ratification/signature)1999
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 100 (year of ratification/signature)1955
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 111 (year of ratification/signature)1960
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 138 (year of ratification/signature)1980
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 182 (year of ratification/signature)2000

Notes:
1 -
2 - Data refer to the period 1993/95.
3 - Data refer to a period other than that specified.
4 - Data refer to a period shorter than that specified.
5 - Data refer to expenditure shares by percentiles of population, ranked by per capita expenditure.