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2007/2008 Report
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The latest global Report on the theme of climate change has been launched on 27 November 2007.

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2007/2008 Report

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01. Human development index
Human development index value, 20050.867
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 200578.3
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200595.7
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200582.9
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 200512,027
Life expectancy index0.889
Education index0.914
GDP index0.799
GDP per capita (PPP US$) rank minus HDI rank15
1a. Basic indicators for other UN member states
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 2000-0578.3
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200595.7
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200582.9
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 200512,027
Population, total (thousands), 200416,295
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-052.0
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200510
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 200490
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 20050.3 [0.2–1.2]
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002/044
Population using an improved water source (%), 200495
02. Human development index trends
Human development index (trends), 19750.708
Human development index (trends), 19800.743
Human development index (trends), 19850.761
Human development index (trends), 19900.788
Human development index (trends), 19950.819
Human development index (trends), 20000.845
Human development index (trends), 20050.867
03. Human and income poverty: developing countries
Human poverty index (HPI-1) rank3
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) value (%)3.7
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40 (% of cohort), 2000-053.5
Adult illiteracy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-20054.3
Population not using an improved water source (%), 20045
Children underweight for age (% under age 5), 1996-20051
Population living below $1 a day (%), 1990-2005..
Population living below $2 a day (%), 1990-20055.6
Population living below the national poverty line (%), 1990-200417.01
HPI-1 rank minus income poverty rank1
04. Human and income poverty: OECD countries, Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS
Human poverty index (HPI-2) rank..
Human poverty index (HPI-2) value (%)..
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 60 (% of cohort), 2000-0511.2
Population lacking functional literacy skills (% aged 16-65), 1994-2003..
Long-term unemployment (% of labour force), 2006..
Population living below 50% of median income (%), 2000-2004..1
Population living below $11 a day (1994 PPP US$), 1994-95..
Population living below $4 a day (1990 PPP US$), 2000-04..1
HPI-2 rank minus income poverty rank..
05. Demographic trends
Population, total (millions), 197510.4
Population, total (millions), 200516.3
Population, total (millions), 201517.9
Population, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20051.5
Population, annual growth rate (%), 2005-151.0
Population, urban (% of total population), 197578.4
Population, urban (% of total population), 200587.6
Population, urban (% of total population), 201590.1
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 200524.9
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 201520.9
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 20058.1
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 201510.5
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 1970-753.6
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-052.0
06. Commitment to health: resources, access and services
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20042.9
Private expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20043.2
Health expenditure per capita (PPP US$), 2004720
One-year-olds fully immunized against tuberculosis (%), 200595
One-year-olds fully immunized against measles (%), 200590
Children with diarrhoea receiving oral rehydration and continued feeding (% under age 5), 1998-2005..
Contraceptive prevalence rate (% of married women aged 15-49), 1997-2005562
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%), 1997-2005100
Physicians (per 100,000 people), 2000-041091
07. Water, sanitation and nutritional status
Population using improved sanitation (%), 199084
Population using improved sanitation (%), 200491
Population using an improved water source (%), 199090
Population using an improved water source (%), 200495
Population undernourished (% of total population), 1990-9281
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002-044
Children under weight for age (% under age 5), 1996-20051
Children under height for age (% under age 5), 1996-200531
Infants with low birthweight (%), 1998-20056
08. Inequalities in maternal and child health
Survey year for inequality data in table 8..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, poorest 20% (%)..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, richest 20% (%)..
One-year-olds fully immunized, poorest 20% (%)..
One-year-olds fully immunized, richest 20% (%)..
Children under height for age, poorest 20% (% children under age 5)..
Children under height for age, richest 20% (% children under age 5)..
Infant mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Infant mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Under-five mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Under-five mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
09. Leading global health crises and risks
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 20050.3 [0.2–1.2]
Condom use at last high-risk sex, women (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Condom use at last high-risk sex, men (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 using insecticide-treated bednets (%), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 with fever treated with antimalarial drugs (%), 1999-2005..
Tuberculosis cases, prevalence (per 100,000 people), 200516
Tuberculosis cases detected under DOTS (%), 2005112
Tuberculosis cases cured under DOTS (%), 200383
Prevalence of smoking, women (% of adults), 2002-04371
Prevalence of smoking, men (% of adults), 2002-04481
10. Survival: progress and setbacks
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 1970-7563.4
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 2000-0577.9
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 197078
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 20058
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 197098
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200510
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, female (% of cohort), 2000-0588.6
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, male (% of cohort), 2000-0579.1
Maternal mortality ratio, reported (per 100,000 live births), 1990-200417
Maternal mortality ratio, adjusted (per 100,000 live births), 2000161
11. Commitment to education: public spending
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 19912.4
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-053.5
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 199110.0
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 2002-0518.5
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 2002-0547
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 2002-0539
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 2002-0515
12. Literacy and enrolment
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1985-199594.3
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200595.7
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1985-199598.4
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1995-200599.0
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 199189
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 2005903
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 199155
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 2005..
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 199192
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 2004100
Tertiary students in science, engineering, manufacturing and construction (% of tertiary students), 1999-200528
13. Technology: diffusion and creation
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 199066
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 2005211
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 19901
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 2005649
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 19900
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 2005172
Patents granted to residents (per million peole), 20051
Receipts of royalties and license fees (US$ per person), 20053.3
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP), 2000-20050.605179941931511
Researchers in R&D (per million people), 1990-2005444
14. Economic performance
GDP (current US$ billions), 2005115.2
GDP, PPP (current international $ billions), 2005196.0
GDP per capita (US$), 20057,073
GDP per capita, PPP (2005 international $), 200512,027
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20053.9
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1990-20053.8
GDP per capita, highest value (2005 PPP US$), 1975-200512,027
GDP per capita, year of highest value2005
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 1990-20056.3
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 2004-053.1
15. Inequality in income or expenditure
Survey Year20034
Share of income or consumption, poorest 10% (%)1.4
Share of income or consumption, poorest 20% (%)3.8
Share of income or consumption, richest 20% (%)60.0
Share of income or consumption, richest 10% (%)45.0
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 10% to poorest 10%33.0
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 20% to poorest 20%15.7
Gini index54.9
16. Structure of trade
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 199031
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 200534
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 199034
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 200542
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 199087
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 200584
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 199011
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 200514
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 19904.6
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 20054.85
Terms of trade (2000=100), 2004-2005115
17. OECD-DAC country expenditures on aid
Official development assistance, net disbursed (US$ millions), 2005..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 1990..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 2005..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 1990..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 2005..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 1990..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 2005..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 1996-1997..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 2004-2005..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 1990..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 2005..
18. Flows of aid, private capital and debt
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (US$ millions), 2005151.7
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) per capita (US$), 20059.3
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 19900.3
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 20050.1
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 19902.1
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 20055.8
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 19904.9
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 20054.2
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 19908.8
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 20056.7
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 199025.9
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 200515.4
19. Priorities in public spending
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20042.9
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 19912.4
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-053.5
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 19904.3
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 20053.8
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 19908.8
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 20056.7
20. Unemployment in OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 2006..
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 2006..
Unemployment rate, average annual (% of labour force), 1996-2006..
Unemployment rate Female (% of male rate), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate, total (% of labour force aged 15-24), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, women (% of total unemployment), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, men (% of total unemployment), 2006..
21. Unemployment and informal sector work in non-OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 1996-2005440
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 1996-20056.9
Unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 1996-2005139
Employment, total (thousands), 1996-20055,905
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment), 1996-200513
Employment in industry (% of total employment), 1996-200523
Employment in services (% of total employment), 1996-200564
Survey year, 1990-200419961
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, both sexes (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004361
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, female (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004441
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, male (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004311
22. Energy and the environment
Electricity consumption per capita (kilowatt-hours), 20043,347
Electricity consumption per capita (% change), 1990-20041.4
Electrification rate (%)99
Population without electricity (millions)0.2
GDP per unit of energy use (2000 PPP US$ per kg of oil equivalent), 20046.1
GDP per unit of energy use (% change), 1990-20040.1
Forest area (% total land), 200521.5
Forest area (thousand sq km), 2005161.2
Forest area change from 1990-2005 (thousand sq km), 1990-20058.6
Forest area, average annual change (%), 1990-20050.4
23. Energy sources
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 199014.1
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 200529.6
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 199018.4
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 200513.9
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 199045.8
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 200539.2
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 199010.6
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 200523.8
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 19906.2
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 20057.0
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 199019.0
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 200515.5
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 19900
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 20050
24. Carbon dioxide emissions and stocks
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 199035.6
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 200462.4
CO2 emissions, average annual change in (%), 1990-20045.4
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 19900.2
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 20040.2
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 19902.7
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 20043.9
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 19902.53
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 20042.23
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 19900.47
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 20040.38
CO2 emissions/sequestration from forests (Mt CO2 per year), 1990-2005- 105.9
Carbon stocks in forests (living biomass) (Mt C), 20051,945.9
25. Status of major international environmental treaties
Status of environmental treaties - Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (year of ratification/signature)20006
Status of environmental treaties - Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)1994
Status of environmental treaties - Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)2002
Status of environmental treaties - Convention on Biological Diversity (year of ratification/signature)1994
Status of environmental treaties - Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature), 19881990
Status of environmental treaties - Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature)1990
Status of environmental treaties - Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (year of ratification/signature), 20012005
Status of environmental treaties - UN Law of the Sea (year of ratification/signature)1997
Status of environmental treaties - UN Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (year of ratification/signature)1997
26. Refugees and armaments
Internally displaced people (thousands), 2006..
Refugees by country of asylum (thousands), 20061
Refugees by country of origin (thousands), 20061
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 1996180
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 20061,125
Conventional arms transfers, exports (1990 US$ millions), 20060
Conventional arms transfers, exports (% of world total), 2002-06(.)
Armed forces (thousands), 200776
Armed forces, index (1985=100), 200775
27. Crime and justice
Homicides (per 100,000 people), 2000-20041.7
Prison population total, 200739916
Prison population (per 100,000 people), 2007240
Prison population (% female), 20077
Year in which countries have partially or completely abolished the death penalty20011
28. Gender-related development index
Gender-related development index (GDI) rank, 200540
Gender-related development index (GDI) value, 20050.859
Life expectancy at birth, female (years), 200581.3
Life expectancy at birth, male (years), 200575.3
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200595.6
Adult literacy rate, male (% aged 15 and older), 200595.8
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, female (%) , 200582
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, male (%) , 200584
Estimated earned income, female (PPP US$), 20056,8717
Estimated earned income, male (PPP US$), 200517,2937
HDI rank minus GDI rank, 2005- 1
29. Gender empowerment measure
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) rank60
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) value0.519
Seats in parliament (% held by women)12.7
Legislators, senior officials and managers (% female), 1999-2005258
Professional and technical workers (% female), 1994-2005528
Ratio of estimated female to male earned income0.40
30. Gender inequality in education
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older) , 200595.6
Adult literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20051.00
Youth literacy rate, female (% aged 15-24), 200599.2
Youth literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20051.00
Net primary enrolment rate, female (%), 2005899
Net primary enrolment rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20050.989
Gross primary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005101
Gross primary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio)0.96
Gross secondary enrolment ratio, female (%), 200591
Gross secondary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20051.01
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio, female (%), 200547
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20050.96
31. Gender inequality in economic activity
Economic activity rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200536.6
Economic activity index (1990=100), female (aged 15 and older), 2005114
Economic activity rate (female rate as % of male rate, aged 15 and older), 200552
Employment in agriculture, female (% of total female employment), 1995-20056
Employment in agriculture, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200417
Employment in industry, female (% of total female employment), 1995-200312
Employment in industry, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200329
Employment in services, female (% of total female employment), 1995-200383
Employment in services, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200354
Contributing family workers, women (% of total), 1995-2005..
Contributing family workers, men (% of total), 1995-2004..
33. Women’s political participation
Year women received right to vote1949
Year women received right to stand for election1949
Year first woman elected (E) or appointed (A) to parliament1951 E
Women in government at ministerial level (as % of total), 200516.7
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 1990..
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 200715.0
Seats in upper house or senate (% held by women), 20075.3
34. Status of major international human rights instruments
Status of human rights instruments: International convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (year of ratification/signature), 19481953
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (year of ratification/signature), 19651971
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (year of ratification/signature), 19661972
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (year of ratification/signature), 19661972
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (year of ratification/signature), 19791989
Status of human rights instruments: Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (year of ratification/signature), 19841988
Status of human rights instruments: Convention on the Rights of the Child (year of ratification/signature), 19891990
35. Status of fundamental labour rights conventions
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 87 (year of ratification/signature)1999
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 98 (year of ratification/signature)1999
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 29 (year of ratification/signature)1933
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 105 (year of ratification/signature)1999
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 100 (year of ratification/signature)1971
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 111 (year of ratification/signature)1971
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 138 (year of ratification/signature)1999
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 182 (year of ratification/signature)2000

Notes:
1 -
2 - Data refer to a year or period other than that specified, differ from the standard definition or refer to only part of a country.
3 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
4 - Data refer to income shares by percentiles of population, ranked by per capita income.
5 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified; from 2000 onwards.
6 - Signature not yet followed by ratification.
7 - No wage data are available. For the purposes of calculating the estimated female and male earned income, a value of 0.75 was used for the ratio of the female nonagricultural wage to the male nonagricultural wage.
8 - Data follow the ISCO-68 classification.
9 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.