Highlights

2007/2008 Report
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The latest global Report on the theme of climate change has been launched on 27 November 2007.

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2007/2008 Report

Colombia
HDI Rank - 75
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01. Human development index
Human development index value, 20050.791
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 200572.3
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200592.8
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200575.1
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 20057,3041
Life expectancy index0.788
Education index0.869
GDP index0.716
GDP per capita (PPP US$) rank minus HDI rank4
1a. Basic indicators for other UN member states
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 2000-0572.3
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200592.8
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200575.1
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 20057,304
Population, total (thousands), 200444,946
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-052.5
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200521
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 200487
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 20050.6 [0.3–2.5]
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002/0413
Population using an improved water source (%), 200493
02. Human development index trends
Human development index (trends), 19750.663
Human development index (trends), 19800.694
Human development index (trends), 19850.709
Human development index (trends), 19900.729
Human development index (trends), 19950.753
Human development index (trends), 20000.772
Human development index (trends), 20050.791
03. Human and income poverty: developing countries
Human poverty index (HPI-1) rank14
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) value (%)7.9
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40 (% of cohort), 2000-059.2
Adult illiteracy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-20057.2
Population not using an improved water source (%), 20047
Children underweight for age (% under age 5), 1996-20057
Population living below $1 a day (%), 1990-20057.0
Population living below $2 a day (%), 1990-200517.8
Population living below the national poverty line (%), 1990-200464.02
HPI-1 rank minus income poverty rank- 10
04. Human and income poverty: OECD countries, Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS
Human poverty index (HPI-2) rank..
Human poverty index (HPI-2) value (%)..
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 60 (% of cohort), 2000-0519.1
Population lacking functional literacy skills (% aged 16-65), 1994-2003..
Long-term unemployment (% of labour force), 2006..
Population living below 50% of median income (%), 2000-2004..2
Population living below $11 a day (1994 PPP US$), 1994-95..
Population living below $4 a day (1990 PPP US$), 2000-04..2
HPI-2 rank minus income poverty rank..
05. Demographic trends
Population, total (millions), 197525.3
Population, total (millions), 200544.9
Population, total (millions), 201550.7
Population, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20051.9
Population, annual growth rate (%), 2005-151.2
Population, urban (% of total population), 197560.0
Population, urban (% of total population), 200572.7
Population, urban (% of total population), 201575.7
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 200530.3
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 201525.4
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 20055.1
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 20156.8
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 1970-755.0
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-052.5
06. Commitment to health: resources, access and services
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20046.7
Private expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20041.1
Health expenditure per capita (PPP US$), 2004570
One-year-olds fully immunized against tuberculosis (%), 200587
One-year-olds fully immunized against measles (%), 200589
Children with diarrhoea receiving oral rehydration and continued feeding (% under age 5), 1998-200539
Contraceptive prevalence rate (% of married women aged 15-49), 1997-200578
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%), 1997-200596
Physicians (per 100,000 people), 2000-041352
07. Water, sanitation and nutritional status
Population using improved sanitation (%), 199082
Population using improved sanitation (%), 200486
Population using an improved water source (%), 199092
Population using an improved water source (%), 200493
Population undernourished (% of total population), 1990-92172
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002-0413
Children under weight for age (% under age 5), 1996-20057
Children under height for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005162
Infants with low birthweight (%), 1998-20059
08. Inequalities in maternal and child health
Survey year for inequality data in table 82005
Births attended by skilled health personnel, poorest 20% (%)72
Births attended by skilled health personnel, richest 20% (%)99
One-year-olds fully immunized, poorest 20% (%)47
One-year-olds fully immunized, richest 20% (%)72
Children under height for age, poorest 20% (% children under age 5)20
Children under height for age, richest 20% (% children under age 5)3
Infant mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)32
Infant mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)14
Under-five mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)39
Under-five mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)16
09. Leading global health crises and risks
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 20050.6 [0.3–2.5]
Condom use at last high-risk sex, women (% aged 15-24), 1999-200530
Condom use at last high-risk sex, men (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 using insecticide-treated bednets (%), 1999-200513
Children under age 5 with fever treated with antimalarial drugs (%), 1999-2005..
Tuberculosis cases, prevalence (per 100,000 people), 200566
Tuberculosis cases detected under DOTS (%), 200526
Tuberculosis cases cured under DOTS (%), 200385
Prevalence of smoking, women (% of adults), 2002-04..2
Prevalence of smoking, men (% of adults), 2002-04..2
10. Survival: progress and setbacks
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 1970-7561.6
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 2000-0571.7
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 197068
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200517
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 1970105
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200521
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, female (% of cohort), 2000-0581.8
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, male (% of cohort), 2000-0569.0
Maternal mortality ratio, reported (per 100,000 live births), 1990-200484
Maternal mortality ratio, adjusted (per 100,000 live births), 20001202
11. Commitment to education: public spending
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 19912.4
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-054.8
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 199114.3
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 2002-0511.1
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 2002-0551
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 2002-0536
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 2002-0513
12. Literacy and enrolment
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1985-199581.4
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200592.8
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1985-199590.5
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1995-200598.0
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 199169
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 200587
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 199134
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 2005554
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 199176
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 200481
Tertiary students in science, engineering, manufacturing and construction (% of tertiary students), 1999-200533
13. Technology: diffusion and creation
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 199069
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 2005168
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 19900
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 2005479
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 19900
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 2005104
Patents granted to residents (per million peole), 2005(.)
Receipts of royalties and license fees (US$ per person), 20050.2
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP), 2000-20050.166929925437572
Researchers in R&D (per million people), 1990-2005109
14. Economic performance
GDP (current US$ billions), 2005122.3
GDP, PPP (current international $ billions), 2005333.15
GDP per capita (US$), 20052,682
GDP per capita, PPP (2005 international $), 20057,3045
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20051.4
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1990-20050.6
GDP per capita, highest value (2005 PPP US$), 1975-20057,304
GDP per capita, year of highest value2005
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 1990-200515.2
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 2004-055.0
15. Inequality in income or expenditure
Survey Year20036
Share of income or consumption, poorest 10% (%)0.7
Share of income or consumption, poorest 20% (%)2.5
Share of income or consumption, richest 20% (%)62.7
Share of income or consumption, richest 10% (%)46.9
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 10% to poorest 10%63.8
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 20% to poorest 20%25.3
Gini index58.6
16. Structure of trade
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 199015
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 200521
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 199021
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 200521
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 199074
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 200564
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 199025
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 200536
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 19905.27
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 20054.9
Terms of trade (2000=100), 2004-200593
17. OECD-DAC country expenditures on aid
Official development assistance, net disbursed (US$ millions), 2005..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 1990..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 2005..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 1990..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 2005..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 1990..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 2005..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 1996-1997..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 2004-2005..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 1990..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 2005..
18. Flows of aid, private capital and debt
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (US$ millions), 2005511.1
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) per capita (US$), 200511.2
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 19900.2
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 20050.4
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 19901.2
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 20058.5
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 1990- 0.4
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 2005- 0.2
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 19909.7
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 20058.3
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 199040.9
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 200535.3
19. Priorities in public spending
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20046.7
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 19912.4
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-054.8
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 19901.8
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 20053.7
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 19909.7
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 20058.3
20. Unemployment in OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 2006..
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 2006..
Unemployment rate, average annual (% of labour force), 1996-2006..
Unemployment rate Female (% of male rate), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate, total (% of labour force aged 15-24), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, women (% of total unemployment), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, men (% of total unemployment), 2006..
21. Unemployment and informal sector work in non-OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 1996-20052,406
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 1996-200511.8
Unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 1996-2005174
Employment, total (thousands), 1996-200518,217
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment), 1996-200522
Employment in industry (% of total employment), 1996-200519
Employment in services (% of total employment), 1996-2005592
Survey year, 1990-200420042
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, both sexes (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004582
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, female (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004592
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, male (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004552
22. Energy and the environment
Electricity consumption per capita (kilowatt-hours), 20041,0748
Electricity consumption per capita (% change), 1990-2004(.)
Electrification rate (%)86
Population without electricity (millions)6.3
GDP per unit of energy use (2000 PPP US$ per kg of oil equivalent), 200410.9
GDP per unit of energy use (% change), 1990-20040.3
Forest area (% total land), 200558.5
Forest area (thousand sq km), 2005607.3
Forest area change from 1990-2005 (thousand sq km), 1990-2005- 7.1
Forest area, average annual change (%), 1990-2005- 0.1
23. Energy sources
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 199024.7
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 200528.6
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 199012.4
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 20059.4
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 199042.0
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 200543.3
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 199013.6
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 200521.4
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 19909.6
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 200512.0
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 199022.3
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 200514.4
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 19900
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 20050
24. Carbon dioxide emissions and stocks
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 199058.0
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 200453.6
CO2 emissions, average annual change in (%), 1990-2004- 0.5
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 19900.3
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 20040.2
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 19901.6
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 20041.2
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 19902.32
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 20041.94
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 19900.30
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 20040.19
CO2 emissions/sequestration from forests (Mt CO2 per year), 1990-200523.8
Carbon stocks in forests (living biomass) (Mt C), 20058,062.2
25. Status of major international environmental treaties
Status of environmental treaties - Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (year of ratification/signature)2003
Status of environmental treaties - Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)1995
Status of environmental treaties - Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)2001
Status of environmental treaties - Convention on Biological Diversity (year of ratification/signature)1994
Status of environmental treaties - Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature), 19881990
Status of environmental treaties - Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature)1993
Status of environmental treaties - Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (year of ratification/signature), 200120019
Status of environmental treaties - UN Law of the Sea (year of ratification/signature)19829
Status of environmental treaties - UN Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (year of ratification/signature)1999
26. Refugees and armaments
Internally displaced people (thousands), 2006..10
Refugees by country of asylum (thousands), 2006(.)
Refugees by country of origin (thousands), 200673
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 199657
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 200633
Conventional arms transfers, exports (1990 US$ millions), 2006..
Conventional arms transfers, exports (% of world total), 2002-06..
Armed forces (thousands), 2007209
Armed forces, index (1985=100), 2007316
27. Crime and justice
Homicides (per 100,000 people), 2000-200462.7
Prison population total, 200762216
Prison population (per 100,000 people), 2007134
Prison population (% female), 20076
Year in which countries have partially or completely abolished the death penalty1910
28. Gender-related development index
Gender-related development index (GDI) rank, 200565
Gender-related development index (GDI) value, 20050.789
Life expectancy at birth, female (years), 200576.0
Life expectancy at birth, male (years), 200568.7
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200592.9
Adult literacy rate, male (% aged 15 and older), 200592.8
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, female (%) , 200577
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, male (%) , 200574
Estimated earned income, female (PPP US$), 20055,680
Estimated earned income, male (PPP US$), 20058,966
HDI rank minus GDI rank, 20052
29. Gender empowerment measure
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) rank69
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) value0.496
Seats in parliament (% held by women)9.7
Legislators, senior officials and managers (% female), 1999-20053811
Professional and technical workers (% female), 1994-20055011
Ratio of estimated female to male earned income0.63
30. Gender inequality in education
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older) , 200592.9
Adult literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20051.00
Youth literacy rate, female (% aged 15-24), 200598.4
Youth literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20051.01
Net primary enrolment rate, female (%), 200587
Net primary enrolment rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20051.00
Gross primary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005111
Gross primary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio)0.98
Gross secondary enrolment ratio, female (%), 200582
Gross secondary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20051.11
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio, female (%), 200531
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20051.09
31. Gender inequality in economic activity
Economic activity rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200561.3
Economic activity index (1990=100), female (aged 15 and older), 2005135
Economic activity rate (female rate as % of male rate, aged 15 and older), 200576
Employment in agriculture, female (% of total female employment), 1995-20058
Employment in agriculture, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200432
Employment in industry, female (% of total female employment), 1995-200316
Employment in industry, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200321
Employment in services, female (% of total female employment), 1995-200376
Employment in services, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200348
Contributing family workers, women (% of total), 1995-2005..
Contributing family workers, men (% of total), 1995-2004..
33. Women’s political participation
Year women received right to vote1954
Year women received right to stand for election1954
Year first woman elected (E) or appointed (A) to parliament1954 A
Women in government at ministerial level (as % of total), 200535.7
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 19904.5
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 20078.4
Seats in upper house or senate (% held by women), 200711.8
34. Status of major international human rights instruments
Status of human rights instruments: International convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (year of ratification/signature), 19481959
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (year of ratification/signature), 19651981
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (year of ratification/signature), 19661969
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (year of ratification/signature), 19661969
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (year of ratification/signature), 19791982
Status of human rights instruments: Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (year of ratification/signature), 19841987
Status of human rights instruments: Convention on the Rights of the Child (year of ratification/signature), 19891991
35. Status of fundamental labour rights conventions
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 87 (year of ratification/signature)1976
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 98 (year of ratification/signature)1976
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 29 (year of ratification/signature)1969
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 105 (year of ratification/signature)1963
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 100 (year of ratification/signature)1963
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 111 (year of ratification/signature)1969
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 138 (year of ratification/signature)2001
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 182 (year of ratification/signature)2005

Notes:
1 - World Bank estimate based on regression.
2 -
3 - UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund). 2005. State of the World's Children 2006. New York.
4 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
5 - World Bank estimates based on regression.
6 - Data refer to income shares by percentiles of population, ranked by per capita income.
7 - Data refer to the closest available year between 1988 and 1992.
8 - Data are estimates produced by the UN Statistics Division.
9 - Signature not yet followed by ratification.
10 - Lower estimate is cumulative since 1994. Higher figure is cumulative since 1985.
11 - Data follow the ISCO-68 classification.