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2007/2008 Human Development Report

Costa Rica
HDI Rank - 48
ExcelCountry Factsheet

01. Human development index
Human development index value, 20050.846
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 200578.5
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200594.9
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200573.01
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 200510,1802
Life expectancy index0.891
Education index0.876
GDP index0.772
GDP per capita (PPP US$) rank minus HDI rank13
1a. Basic indicators for other UN member states
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 2000-0578.5
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200594.9
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200573.0
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 200510,180
Population, total (thousands), 20044,327
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-052.3
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200512
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 2004..
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 20050.3 [0.1–3.6]
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002/045
Population using an improved water source (%), 200497
02. Human development index trends
Human development index (trends), 19750.746
Human development index (trends), 19800.772
Human development index (trends), 19850.774
Human development index (trends), 19900.794
Human development index (trends), 19950.814
Human development index (trends), 20000.830
Human development index (trends), 20050.846
03. Human and income poverty: developing countries
Human poverty index (HPI-1) rank5
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) value (%)4.4
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40 (% of cohort), 2000-053.7
Adult illiteracy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-20055.1
Population not using an improved water source (%), 20043
Children underweight for age (% under age 5), 1996-20055
Population living below $1 a day (%), 1990-20053.3
Population living below $2 a day (%), 1990-20059.8
Population living below the national poverty line (%), 1990-200422.03
HPI-1 rank minus income poverty rank- 10
04. Human and income poverty: OECD countries, Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS
Human poverty index (HPI-2) rank..
Human poverty index (HPI-2) value (%)..
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 60 (% of cohort), 2000-0510.8
Population lacking functional literacy skills (% aged 16-65), 1994-2003..
Long-term unemployment (% of labour force), 2006..
Population living below 50% of median income (%), 2000-2004..3
Population living below $11 a day (1994 PPP US$), 1994-95..
Population living below $4 a day (1990 PPP US$), 2000-04..3
HPI-2 rank minus income poverty rank..
05. Demographic trends
Population, total (millions), 19752.1
Population, total (millions), 20054.3
Population, total (millions), 20155.0
Population, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20052.5
Population, annual growth rate (%), 2005-151.4
Population, urban (% of total population), 197541.3
Population, urban (% of total population), 200561.7
Population, urban (% of total population), 201566.9
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 200528.4
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 201523.8
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 20055.8
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 20157.4
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 1970-754.3
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-052.3
06. Commitment to health: resources, access and services
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20045.1
Private expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20041.5
Health expenditure per capita (PPP US$), 2004592
One-year-olds fully immunized against tuberculosis (%), 200588
One-year-olds fully immunized against measles (%), 200589
Children with diarrhoea receiving oral rehydration and continued feeding (% under age 5), 1998-2005..
Contraceptive prevalence rate (% of married women aged 15-49), 1997-200580
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%), 1997-200599
Physicians (per 100,000 people), 2000-041323
07. Water, sanitation and nutritional status
Population using improved sanitation (%), 1990..
Population using improved sanitation (%), 200492
Population using an improved water source (%), 1990..
Population using an improved water source (%), 200497
Population undernourished (% of total population), 1990-9263
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002-045
Children under weight for age (% under age 5), 1996-20055
Children under height for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005..3
Infants with low birthweight (%), 1998-20057
08. Inequalities in maternal and child health
Survey year for inequality data in table 8..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, poorest 20% (%)..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, richest 20% (%)..
One-year-olds fully immunized, poorest 20% (%)..
One-year-olds fully immunized, richest 20% (%)..
Children under height for age, poorest 20% (% children under age 5)..
Children under height for age, richest 20% (% children under age 5)..
Infant mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Infant mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Under-five mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Under-five mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
09. Leading global health crises and risks
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 20050.3 [0.1–3.6]
Condom use at last high-risk sex, women (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Condom use at last high-risk sex, men (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 using insecticide-treated bednets (%), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 with fever treated with antimalarial drugs (%), 1999-2005..
Tuberculosis cases, prevalence (per 100,000 people), 200517
Tuberculosis cases detected under DOTS (%), 2005118
Tuberculosis cases cured under DOTS (%), 2003944
Prevalence of smoking, women (% of adults), 2002-04104
Prevalence of smoking, men (% of adults), 2002-04294
10. Survival: progress and setbacks
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 1970-7567.8
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 2000-0578.1
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 197062
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200511
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 197083
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200512
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, female (% of cohort), 2000-0588.6
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, male (% of cohort), 2000-0581.0
Maternal mortality ratio, reported (per 100,000 live births), 1990-200436
Maternal mortality ratio, adjusted (per 100,000 live births), 2000303
11. Commitment to education: public spending
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 19913.4
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-054.9
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 199121.8
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 2002-0518.5
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 199138
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 2002-0566
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 199122
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 2002-0534
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 199136
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 2002-05NA
12. Literacy and enrolment
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1985-1995..
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200594.9
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1985-1995..
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1995-200597.6
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 199187
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 2005..
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 199138
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 2005..
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 199184
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 200487
Tertiary students in science, engineering, manufacturing and construction (% of tertiary students), 1999-200523
13. Technology: diffusion and creation
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 199092
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 2005321
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 19900
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 2005254
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 19900
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 2005254
Patents granted to residents (per million peole), 2005..
Receipts of royalties and license fees (US$ per person), 20050
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP), 2000-20050.387286638101752
Researchers in R&D (per million people), 1990-2005..
14. Economic performance
GDP (current US$ billions), 200520.0
GDP, PPP (current international $ billions), 200544.15
GDP per capita (US$), 20054,627
GDP per capita, PPP (2005 international $), 200510,1805
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20051.5
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1990-20052.3
GDP per capita, highest value (2005 PPP US$), 1975-200510,180
GDP per capita, year of highest value2005
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 1990-200513.5
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 2004-0513.8
15. Inequality in income or expenditure
Survey Year20036
Share of income or consumption, poorest 10% (%)1.0
Share of income or consumption, poorest 20% (%)3.5
Share of income or consumption, richest 20% (%)54.1
Share of income or consumption, richest 10% (%)37.4
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 10% to poorest 10%37.8
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 20% to poorest 20%15.6
Gini index49.8
16. Structure of trade
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 199036
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 200554
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 199030
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 200548
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 199066
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 200534
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 199027
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 200566
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 1990..
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 200538.0
Terms of trade (2000=100), 2004-2005102
17. OECD-DAC country expenditures on aid
Official development assistance, net disbursed (US$ millions), 2005..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 1990..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 2005..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 1990..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 2005..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 1990..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 2005..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 1996-1997..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 2004-2005..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 1990..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 2005..
18. Flows of aid, private capital and debt
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (US$ millions), 200529.5
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) per capita (US$), 20056.8
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 19903.1
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 20050.1
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 19902.2
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 20054.3
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 1990- 1.9
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 20051.3
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 19906.8
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 20053.0
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 199023.9
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 20055.9
19. Priorities in public spending
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20045.1
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 19913.4
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-054.9
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 19900
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 20050
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 19906.8
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 20053.0
20. Unemployment in OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 2006..
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 2006..
Unemployment rate, average annual (% of labour force), 1996-2006..
Unemployment rate Female (% of male rate), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate, total (% of labour force aged 15-24), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, women (% of total unemployment), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, men (% of total unemployment), 2006..
21. Unemployment and informal sector work in non-OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 1996-2005126
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 1996-20056.6
Unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 1996-2005192
Employment, total (thousands), 1996-20051,777
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment), 1996-200515
Employment in industry (% of total employment), 1996-200522
Employment in services (% of total employment), 1996-200563
Survey year, 1990-20042000
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, both sexes (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-200420
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, female (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-200417
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, male (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-200422
22. Energy and the environment
Electricity consumption per capita (kilowatt-hours), 20041,876
Electricity consumption per capita (% change), 1990-20040.5
Electrification rate (%)99
Population without electricity (millions)0.1
GDP per unit of energy use (2000 PPP US$ per kg of oil equivalent), 200410.0
GDP per unit of energy use (% change), 1990-2004(.)
Forest area (% total land), 200546.8
Forest area (thousand sq km), 200523.9
Forest area change from 1990-2005 (thousand sq km), 1990-2005- 1.7
Forest area, average annual change (%), 1990-2005- 0.4
23. Energy sources
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 19902.0
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 20053.8
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 19900.1
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 20050.5
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 199048.3
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 200551.4
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 19900
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 20050
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 199014.4
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 200541.1
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 199036.6
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 20057.0
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 19900
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 20050
24. Carbon dioxide emissions and stocks
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 19902.9
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 20046.4
CO2 emissions, average annual change in (%), 1990-20048.5
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 1990(.)
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 2004(.)
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 19901.0
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 20041.5
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 19901.44
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 20041.73
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 19900.15
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 20040.17
CO2 emissions/sequestration from forests (Mt CO2 per year), 1990-20053.4
Carbon stocks in forests (living biomass) (Mt C), 2005192.8
25. Status of major international environmental treaties
Status of environmental treaties - Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (year of ratification/signature)2007
Status of environmental treaties - Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)1994
Status of environmental treaties - Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)2002
Status of environmental treaties - Convention on Biological Diversity (year of ratification/signature)1994
Status of environmental treaties - Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature), 19881991
Status of environmental treaties - Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature)1991
Status of environmental treaties - Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (year of ratification/signature), 20012007
Status of environmental treaties - UN Law of the Sea (year of ratification/signature)1992
Status of environmental treaties - UN Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (year of ratification/signature)1998
26. Refugees and armaments
Internally displaced people (thousands), 2006..
Refugees by country of asylum (thousands), 200612
Refugees by country of origin (thousands), 2006(.)
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 1996..
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 2006..
Conventional arms transfers, exports (1990 US$ millions), 2006..
Conventional arms transfers, exports (% of world total), 2002-06..
Armed forces (thousands), 20070
Armed forces, index (1985=100), 2007..
27. Crime and justice
Homicides (per 100,000 people), 2000-20046.2
Prison population total, 20077782
Prison population (per 100,000 people), 2007181
Prison population (% female), 20077
Year in which countries have partially or completely abolished the death penalty1877
28. Gender-related development index
Gender-related development index (GDI) rank, 200547
Gender-related development index (GDI) value, 20050.842
Life expectancy at birth, female (years), 200580.9
Life expectancy at birth, male (years), 200576.2
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200595.1
Adult literacy rate, male (% aged 15 and older), 200594.7
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, female (%) , 200574
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, male (%) , 200572
Estimated earned income, female (PPP US$), 20056,983
Estimated earned income, male (PPP US$), 200513,271
HDI rank minus GDI rank, 20050
29. Gender empowerment measure
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) rank24
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) value0.680
Seats in parliament (% held by women)38.6
Legislators, senior officials and managers (% female), 1999-200525
Professional and technical workers (% female), 1994-200540
Ratio of estimated female to male earned income0.53
30. Gender inequality in education
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older) , 200595.1
Adult literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20051.00
Youth literacy rate, female (% aged 15-24), 200598.0
Youth literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20051.01
Net primary enrolment rate, female (%), 2005..
Net primary enrolment rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 2005..
Gross primary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005109
Gross primary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio)0.99
Gross secondary enrolment ratio, female (%), 200582
Gross secondary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20051.06
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005287
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20051.267
31. Gender inequality in economic activity
Economic activity rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200544.9
Economic activity index (1990=100), female (aged 15 and older), 2005137
Economic activity rate (female rate as % of male rate, aged 15 and older), 200556
Employment in agriculture, female (% of total female employment), 1995-20055
Employment in agriculture, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200421
Employment in industry, female (% of total female employment), 1995-200313
Employment in industry, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200326
Employment in services, female (% of total female employment), 1995-200382
Employment in services, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200352
Contributing family workers, women (% of total), 1995-2005..
Contributing family workers, men (% of total), 1995-2004..
33. Women’s political participation
Year women received right to vote1949
Year women received right to stand for election1949
Year first woman elected (E) or appointed (A) to parliament1953 E
Women in government at ministerial level (as % of total), 200525.0
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 199010.5
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 200738.6
Seats in upper house or senate (% held by women), 2007NA
34. Status of major international human rights instruments
Status of human rights instruments: International convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (year of ratification/signature), 19481950
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (year of ratification/signature), 19651967
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (year of ratification/signature), 19661968
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (year of ratification/signature), 19661968
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (year of ratification/signature), 19791986
Status of human rights instruments: Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (year of ratification/signature), 19841993
Status of human rights instruments: Convention on the Rights of the Child (year of ratification/signature), 19891990
35. Status of fundamental labour rights conventions
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 87 (year of ratification/signature)1960
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 98 (year of ratification/signature)1960
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 29 (year of ratification/signature)1960
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 105 (year of ratification/signature)1959
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 100 (year of ratification/signature)1960
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 111 (year of ratification/signature)1962
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 138 (year of ratification/signature)1976
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 182 (year of ratification/signature)2001

Notes:
1 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
2 - World Bank estimate based on regression.
3 -
4 - Data refer to a period other than that specified.
5 - World Bank estimates based on regression.
6 - Data refer to income shares by percentiles of population, ranked by per capita income.
7 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.

Symbols :
.. Data not available
(.) Greater (or less) than zero but small enough to be rounded off to zero at the displayed number of decimal points
<Less than
-Not applicable
TTotal