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2007/2008 Report
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The latest global Report on the theme of climate change has been launched on 27 November 2007.

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2007/2008 Report

Germany
HDI Rank - 22
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01. Human development index
Human development index value, 20050.935
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 200579.1
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005..1
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200588.02
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 200529,461
Life expectancy index0.902
Education index0.953
GDP index0.949
GDP per capita (PPP US$) rank minus HDI rank- 2
1a. Basic indicators for other UN member states
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 2000-0579.1
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005..
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200588.0
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 200529,461
Population, total (thousands), 200482,652
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-051.3
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 20055
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 200496
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 20050.1 [0.1–0.2]
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002/04..
Population using an improved water source (%), 2004100
02. Human development index trends
Human development index (trends), 1975..
Human development index (trends), 19800.863
Human development index (trends), 19850.871
Human development index (trends), 19900.890
Human development index (trends), 19950.913
Human development index (trends), 20000.928
Human development index (trends), 20050.935
03. Human and income poverty: developing countries
Human poverty index (HPI-1) rank..
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) value (%)..
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40 (% of cohort), 2000-052.0
Adult illiteracy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-20051.03
Population not using an improved water source (%), 20040
Children underweight for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005..
Population living below $1 a day (%), 1990-2005..
Population living below $2 a day (%), 1990-2005..
Population living below the national poverty line (%), 1990-2004..3
HPI-1 rank minus income poverty rank..
04. Human and income poverty: OECD countries, Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS
Human poverty index (HPI-2) rank6
Human poverty index (HPI-2) value (%)10.3
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 60 (% of cohort), 2000-058.6
Population lacking functional literacy skills (% aged 16-65), 1994-200314.44
Long-term unemployment (% of labour force), 20065.8
Population living below 50% of median income (%), 2000-20048.43
Population living below $11 a day (1994 PPP US$), 1994-957.3
Population living below $4 a day (1990 PPP US$), 2000-04..3
HPI-2 rank minus income poverty rank- 5
05. Demographic trends
Population, total (millions), 197578.7
Population, total (millions), 200582.7
Population, total (millions), 201581.8
Population, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20050.2
Population, annual growth rate (%), 2005-15- 0.1
Population, urban (% of total population), 197572.7
Population, urban (% of total population), 200575.2
Population, urban (% of total population), 201576.3
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 200514.4
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 201512.9
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 200518.8
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 201520.9
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 1970-751.6
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-051.3
06. Commitment to health: resources, access and services
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20048.2
Private expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20042.4
Health expenditure per capita (PPP US$), 20043,171
One-year-olds fully immunized against tuberculosis (%), 2005..
One-year-olds fully immunized against measles (%), 200593
Children with diarrhoea receiving oral rehydration and continued feeding (% under age 5), 1998-2005..
Contraceptive prevalence rate (% of married women aged 15-49), 1997-2005755
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%), 1997-200510056
Physicians (per 100,000 people), 2000-043373
07. Water, sanitation and nutritional status
Population using improved sanitation (%), 1990100
Population using improved sanitation (%), 2004100
Population using an improved water source (%), 1990100
Population using an improved water source (%), 2004100
Population undernourished (% of total population), 1990-92..3
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002-04..
Children under weight for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005..
Children under height for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005..3
Infants with low birthweight (%), 1998-20057
08. Inequalities in maternal and child health
Survey year for inequality data in table 8..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, poorest 20% (%)..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, richest 20% (%)..
One-year-olds fully immunized, poorest 20% (%)..
One-year-olds fully immunized, richest 20% (%)..
Children under height for age, poorest 20% (% children under age 5)..
Children under height for age, richest 20% (% children under age 5)..
Infant mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Infant mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Under-five mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Under-five mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
09. Leading global health crises and risks
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 20050.1 [0.1–0.2]
Condom use at last high-risk sex, women (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Condom use at last high-risk sex, men (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 using insecticide-treated bednets (%), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 with fever treated with antimalarial drugs (%), 1999-2005..
Tuberculosis cases, prevalence (per 100,000 people), 20056
Tuberculosis cases detected under DOTS (%), 200552
Tuberculosis cases cured under DOTS (%), 200368
Prevalence of smoking, women (% of adults), 2002-04283
Prevalence of smoking, men (% of adults), 2002-04373
10. Survival: progress and setbacks
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 1970-7571.0
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 2000-0578.7
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 197022
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 20054
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 197026
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 20055
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, female (% of cohort), 2000-0591.0
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, male (% of cohort), 2000-0582.9
Maternal mortality ratio, reported (per 100,000 live births), 1990-20048
Maternal mortality ratio, adjusted (per 100,000 live births), 200043
11. Commitment to education: public spending
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 1991..
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-054.6
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 1991..
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 2002-059.8
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 2002-0522
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 2002-0551
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 2002-0524
12. Literacy and enrolment
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1985-1995..
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005..
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1985-1995..
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1995-2005..
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 1991847
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 2005967
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 1991..
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 2005..
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 1991..
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 2004..
Tertiary students in science, engineering, manufacturing and construction (% of tertiary students), 1999-2005..
13. Technology: diffusion and creation
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 1990401
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 2005667
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 19903
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 2005960
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 19901
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 2005455
Patents granted to residents (per million peole), 2005158
Receipts of royalties and license fees (US$ per person), 200582.6
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP), 2000-20052.49
Researchers in R&D (per million people), 1990-20053,261
14. Economic performance
GDP (current US$ billions), 20052,794.9
GDP, PPP (current international $ billions), 20052,429.6
GDP per capita (US$), 200533,890
GDP per capita, PPP (2005 international $), 200529,461
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20052.0
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1990-20051.4
GDP per capita, highest value (2005 PPP US$), 1975-200529,461
GDP per capita, year of highest value2005
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 1990-20051.7
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 2004-052.0
15. Inequality in income or expenditure
Survey Year20008
Share of income or consumption, poorest 10% (%)3.2
Share of income or consumption, poorest 20% (%)8.5
Share of income or consumption, richest 20% (%)36.9
Share of income or consumption, richest 10% (%)22.1
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 10% to poorest 10%6.9
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 20% to poorest 20%4.3
Gini index28.3
16. Structure of trade
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 199025
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 200535
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 199025
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 200540
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 199010
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 200510
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 199089
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 200583
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 199011.1
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 200516.9
Terms of trade (2000=100), 2004-2005101
17. OECD-DAC country expenditures on aid
Official development assistance, net disbursed (US$ millions), 200510,082
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 19900.42
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 20050.36
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 1990125
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 2005122
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 199028
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 200519
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 1996-19979.7
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 2004-200512.1
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 199062
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 200593
18. Flows of aid, private capital and debt
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (US$ millions), 2005..
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) per capita (US$), 2005..
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 1990..
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 2005..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 19900.2
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 20051.1
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 1990..
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 2005..
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 1990..
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 2005..
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 1990..
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 2005..
19. Priorities in public spending
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20048.2
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 1991..
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-054.6
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 19902.89
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 20051.4
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 1990..
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 2005..
20. Unemployment in OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 20064,250.0
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 20068.4
Unemployment rate, average annual (% of labour force), 1996-20068.5
Unemployment rate Female (% of male rate), 2006119
Youth unemployment rate, total (% of labour force aged 15-24), 200613.5
Youth unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 200689
Long-term unemployment, women (% of total unemployment), 200656.5
Long-term unemployment, men (% of total unemployment), 200657.8
21. Unemployment and informal sector work in non-OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 1996-20054,583
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 1996-200511.1
Unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 1996-200596
Employment, total (thousands), 1996-200536,566
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment), 1996-20052
Employment in industry (% of total employment), 1996-200530
Employment in services (% of total employment), 1996-200568
Survey year, 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, both sexes (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, female (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, male (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
22. Energy and the environment
Electricity consumption per capita (kilowatt-hours), 20047,442
Electricity consumption per capita (% change), 1990-20040.1
Electrification rate (%)100
Population without electricity (millions)..
GDP per unit of energy use (2000 PPP US$ per kg of oil equivalent), 20046.2
GDP per unit of energy use (% change), 1990-20040.3
Forest area (% total land), 200531.7
Forest area (thousand sq km), 2005110.8
Forest area change from 1990-2005 (thousand sq km), 1990-20053.4
Forest area, average annual change (%), 1990-20050.2
23. Energy sources
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 1990356.2
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 2005344.7
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 199036.1
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 200523.7
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 199035.5
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 200535.8
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 199015.4
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 200523.4
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 19900.4
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 20051.3
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 19901.3
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 20053.5
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 199011.2
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 200512.3
24. Carbon dioxide emissions and stocks
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 1990980.410
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 2004808.3
CO2 emissions, average annual change in (%), 1990-2004- 1.3
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 19904.310
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 20042.8
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 199012.310
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 20049.8
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 19902.7510
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 20042.32
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 19900.5810
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 20040.38
CO2 emissions/sequestration from forests (Mt CO2 per year), 1990-2005- 74.9
Carbon stocks in forests (living biomass) (Mt C), 20051,303.0
25. Status of major international environmental treaties
Status of environmental treaties - Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (year of ratification/signature)2003
Status of environmental treaties - Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)1993
Status of environmental treaties - Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)2002
Status of environmental treaties - Convention on Biological Diversity (year of ratification/signature)1993
Status of environmental treaties - Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature), 19881988
Status of environmental treaties - Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature)1988
Status of environmental treaties - Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (year of ratification/signature), 20012002
Status of environmental treaties - UN Law of the Sea (year of ratification/signature)1994
Status of environmental treaties - UN Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (year of ratification/signature)1996
26. Refugees and armaments
Internally displaced people (thousands), 2006..
Refugees by country of asylum (thousands), 2006605
Refugees by country of origin (thousands), 2006(.)
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 1996213
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 2006529
Conventional arms transfers, exports (1990 US$ millions), 20063,850
Conventional arms transfers, exports (% of world total), 2002-069
Armed forces (thousands), 2007246
Armed forces, index (1985=100), 200751
27. Crime and justice
Homicides (per 100,000 people), 2000-20041
Prison population total, 200778581
Prison population (per 100,000 people), 200795
Prison population (% female), 20075
Year in which countries have partially or completely abolished the death penalty1987
28. Gender-related development index
Gender-related development index (GDI) rank, 200520
Gender-related development index (GDI) value, 20050.931
Life expectancy at birth, female (years), 200581.8
Life expectancy at birth, male (years), 200576.2
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 2005..11
Adult literacy rate, male (% aged 15 and older), 2005..11
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, female (%) , 200587
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, male (%) , 200588
Estimated earned income, female (PPP US$), 200521,823
Estimated earned income, male (PPP US$), 200537,461
HDI rank minus GDI rank, 20052
29. Gender empowerment measure
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) rank9
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) value0.831
Seats in parliament (% held by women)30.6
Legislators, senior officials and managers (% female), 1999-200537
Professional and technical workers (% female), 1994-200550
Ratio of estimated female to male earned income0.58
30. Gender inequality in education
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older) , 2005..
Adult literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 2005..
Youth literacy rate, female (% aged 15-24), 2005..
Youth literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 2005..
Net primary enrolment rate, female (%), 20059612
Net primary enrolment rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20051.0112
Gross primary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005101
Gross primary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio)1.00
Gross secondary enrolment ratio, female (%), 200599
Gross secondary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20050.98
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005..
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 2005..
31. Gender inequality in economic activity
Economic activity rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200550.8
Economic activity index (1990=100), female (aged 15 and older), 2005114
Economic activity rate (female rate as % of male rate, aged 15 and older), 200577
Employment in agriculture, female (% of total female employment), 1995-20052
Employment in agriculture, male (% of total male employment), 1995-20043
Employment in industry, female (% of total female employment), 1995-200316
Employment in industry, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200341
Employment in services, female (% of total female employment), 1995-200382
Employment in services, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200356
Contributing family workers, women (% of total), 1995-200576
Contributing family workers, men (% of total), 1995-200424
33. Women’s political participation
Year women received right to vote1918
Year women received right to stand for election1918
Year first woman elected (E) or appointed (A) to parliament1919 E
Women in government at ministerial level (as % of total), 200546.2
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 1990..
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 200731.6
Seats in upper house or senate (% held by women), 200721.7
34. Status of major international human rights instruments
Status of human rights instruments: International convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (year of ratification/signature), 19481954
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (year of ratification/signature), 19651969
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (year of ratification/signature), 19661973
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (year of ratification/signature), 19661973
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (year of ratification/signature), 19791985
Status of human rights instruments: Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (year of ratification/signature), 19841990
Status of human rights instruments: Convention on the Rights of the Child (year of ratification/signature), 19891992
35. Status of fundamental labour rights conventions
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 87 (year of ratification/signature)1957
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 98 (year of ratification/signature)1956
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 29 (year of ratification/signature)1956
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 105 (year of ratification/signature)1959
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 100 (year of ratification/signature)1956
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 111 (year of ratification/signature)1961
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 138 (year of ratification/signature)1976
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 182 (year of ratification/signature)2002

Notes:
1 - For purposes of calculating the HDI, a value of 99.0% was applied.
2 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
3 -
4 - Based on OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) and Statistics Canada. 2000. Literacy in the Information age. Final Report on the International Adult Literacy Survey. OECD Publishing. Paris. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
5 - Data refer to a year or period other than that specified, differ from the standard definition or refer to only part of a country.
6 - UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund). 2005. State of the World's Children 2006. New York.
7 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
8 - Data refer to income shares by percentiles of population, ranked by per capita income.
9 - Data refer to the Federal Republic of Germany before reunification.
10 - Data refer to the sum of the emissions from the former Federal Republic of Germany and the former German Democratic Republic in 1990.
11 - For the purposes of calculating the GDI, a value of 99.0 % was applied.
12 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.