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2007/2008 Human Development Report

Spain
HDI Rank - 13
ExcelCountry Factsheet

01. Human development index
Human development index value, 20050.949
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 200580.5
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005..1
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200598.0
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 200527,169
Life expectancy index0.925
Education index0.987
GDP index0.935
GDP per capita (PPP US$) rank minus HDI rank11
1a. Basic indicators for other UN member states
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 2000-0580.5
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005..
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200598.0
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 200527,169
Population, total (thousands), 200443,397
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-051.3
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 20055
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 200499
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 20050.6 [0.4–1.0]
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002/04..
Population using an improved water source (%), 2004100
02. Human development index trends
Human development index (trends), 19750.846
Human development index (trends), 19800.863
Human development index (trends), 19850.877
Human development index (trends), 19900.896
Human development index (trends), 19950.914
Human development index (trends), 20000.932
Human development index (trends), 20050.949
03. Human and income poverty: developing countries
Human poverty index (HPI-1) rank..
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) value (%)..
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40 (% of cohort), 2000-052.2
Adult illiteracy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-20051.02
Population not using an improved water source (%), 20040
Children underweight for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005..
Population living below $1 a day (%), 1990-2005..
Population living below $2 a day (%), 1990-2005..
Population living below the national poverty line (%), 1990-2004..2
HPI-1 rank minus income poverty rank..
04. Human and income poverty: OECD countries, Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS
Human poverty index (HPI-2) rank15
Human poverty index (HPI-2) value (%)12.5
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 60 (% of cohort), 2000-057.7
Population lacking functional literacy skills (% aged 16-65), 1994-2003..3
Long-term unemployment (% of labour force), 20062.2
Population living below 50% of median income (%), 2000-200414.22
Population living below $11 a day (1994 PPP US$), 1994-95..
Population living below $4 a day (1990 PPP US$), 2000-04..2
HPI-2 rank minus income poverty rank- 2
05. Demographic trends
Population, total (millions), 197535.7
Population, total (millions), 200543.4
Population, total (millions), 201546.0
Population, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20050.7
Population, annual growth rate (%), 2005-150.6
Population, urban (% of total population), 197569.6
Population, urban (% of total population), 200576.7
Population, urban (% of total population), 201578.3
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 200514.4
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 201515.4
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 200516.8
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 201518.3
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 1970-752.9
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-051.3
06. Commitment to health: resources, access and services
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20045.7
Private expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20042.4
Health expenditure per capita (PPP US$), 20042,099
One-year-olds fully immunized against tuberculosis (%), 2005..
One-year-olds fully immunized against measles (%), 200597
Children with diarrhoea receiving oral rehydration and continued feeding (% under age 5), 1998-2005..
Contraceptive prevalence rate (% of married women aged 15-49), 1997-2005814
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%), 1997-2005..
Physicians (per 100,000 people), 2000-043302
07. Water, sanitation and nutritional status
Population using improved sanitation (%), 1990100
Population using improved sanitation (%), 2004100
Population using an improved water source (%), 1990100
Population using an improved water source (%), 2004100
Population undernourished (% of total population), 1990-92..2
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002-04..
Children under weight for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005..
Children under height for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005..2
Infants with low birthweight (%), 1998-200565
08. Inequalities in maternal and child health
Survey year for inequality data in table 8..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, poorest 20% (%)..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, richest 20% (%)..
One-year-olds fully immunized, poorest 20% (%)..
One-year-olds fully immunized, richest 20% (%)..
Children under height for age, poorest 20% (% children under age 5)..
Children under height for age, richest 20% (% children under age 5)..
Infant mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Infant mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Under-five mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Under-five mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
09. Leading global health crises and risks
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 20050.6 [0.4–1.0]
Condom use at last high-risk sex, women (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Condom use at last high-risk sex, men (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 using insecticide-treated bednets (%), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 with fever treated with antimalarial drugs (%), 1999-2005..
Tuberculosis cases, prevalence (per 100,000 people), 200522
Tuberculosis cases detected under DOTS (%), 20050
Tuberculosis cases cured under DOTS (%), 2003..
Prevalence of smoking, women (% of adults), 2002-04256
Prevalence of smoking, men (% of adults), 2002-04396
10. Survival: progress and setbacks
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 1970-7572.9
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 2000-0580.0
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 197027
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 20054
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 197034
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 20055
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, female (% of cohort), 2000-0593.5
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, male (% of cohort), 2000-0583.9
Maternal mortality ratio, reported (per 100,000 live births), 1990-20046
Maternal mortality ratio, adjusted (per 100,000 live births), 200042
11. Commitment to education: public spending
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 19914.1
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-054.3
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 1991..
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 2002-0511.0
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 199129
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 2002-0539
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 199145
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 2002-0541
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 199116
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 2002-0520
12. Literacy and enrolment
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1985-199596.5
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005..
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1985-199599.6
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1995-2005..
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 1991100
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 200599
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 1991..
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 200598
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 1991..
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 20041007
Tertiary students in science, engineering, manufacturing and construction (% of tertiary students), 1999-200530
13. Technology: diffusion and creation
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 1990325
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 2005422
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 19901
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 2005952
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 1990(.)
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 2005348
Patents granted to residents (per million peole), 200553
Receipts of royalties and license fees (US$ per person), 200512.9
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP), 2000-20051.10532054929947
Researchers in R&D (per million people), 1990-20052,195
14. Economic performance
GDP (current US$ billions), 20051,124.6
GDP, PPP (current international $ billions), 20051,179.1
GDP per capita (US$), 200525,914
GDP per capita, PPP (2005 international $), 200527,169
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20052.3
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1990-20052.5
GDP per capita, highest value (2005 PPP US$), 1975-200527,169
GDP per capita, year of highest value2005
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 1990-20053.4
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 2004-053.4
15. Inequality in income or expenditure
Survey Year20008
Share of income or consumption, poorest 10% (%)2.6
Share of income or consumption, poorest 20% (%)7.0
Share of income or consumption, richest 20% (%)42.0
Share of income or consumption, richest 10% (%)26.6
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 10% to poorest 10%10.3
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 20% to poorest 20%6.0
Gini index34.7
16. Structure of trade
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 199019
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 200531
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 199016
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 200525
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 199024
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 200522
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 199075
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 200577
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 19906.4
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 20057.1
Terms of trade (2000=100), 2004-2005102
17. OECD-DAC country expenditures on aid
Official development assistance, net disbursed (US$ millions), 20053,018
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 19900.20
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 20050.27
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 199035
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 200570
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 199020
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 200527
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 1996-199710.4
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 2004-200518.3
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 1990..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 200587
18. Flows of aid, private capital and debt
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (US$ millions), 2005..
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) per capita (US$), 2005..
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 1990..
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 2005..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 19902.7
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 20052.0
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 1990..
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 2005..
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 1990..
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 2005..
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 1990..
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 2005..
19. Priorities in public spending
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20045.7
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 19914.1
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-054.3
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 19901.8
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 20051.1
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 1990..
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 2005..
20. Unemployment in OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 20061,837.1
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 20068.5
Unemployment rate, average annual (% of labour force), 1996-200612.2
Unemployment rate Female (% of male rate), 2006184
Youth unemployment rate, total (% of labour force aged 15-24), 200617.9
Youth unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 2006144
Long-term unemployment, women (% of total unemployment), 200632.2
Long-term unemployment, men (% of total unemployment), 200625.9
21. Unemployment and informal sector work in non-OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 1996-20051,913
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 1996-20059.2
Unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 1996-2005174
Employment, total (thousands), 1996-200518,973
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment), 1996-20055
Employment in industry (% of total employment), 1996-200530
Employment in services (% of total employment), 1996-200565
Survey year, 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, both sexes (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, female (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, male (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
22. Energy and the environment
Electricity consumption per capita (kilowatt-hours), 20046,412
Electricity consumption per capita (% change), 1990-20040.6
Electrification rate (%)100
Population without electricity (millions)..
GDP per unit of energy use (2000 PPP US$ per kg of oil equivalent), 20046.9
GDP per unit of energy use (% change), 1990-2004(.)
Forest area (% total land), 200535.9
Forest area (thousand sq km), 2005179.2
Forest area change from 1990-2005 (thousand sq km), 1990-200544.4
Forest area, average annual change (%), 1990-20052.2
23. Energy sources
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 199091.1
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 2005145.2
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 199021.2
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 200514.1
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 199051.0
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 200549.1
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 19905.5
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 200520.5
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 19902.4
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 20052.5
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 19904.5
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 20053.5
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 199015.5
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 200510.3
24. Carbon dioxide emissions and stocks
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 1990212.1
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 2004330.3
CO2 emissions, average annual change in (%), 1990-20044.0
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 19900.9
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 20041.1
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 19905.5
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 20047.6
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 19902.33
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 20042.32
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 19900.31
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 20040.33
CO2 emissions/sequestration from forests (Mt CO2 per year), 1990-2005- 28.3
Carbon stocks in forests (living biomass) (Mt C), 2005392.0
25. Status of major international environmental treaties
Status of environmental treaties - Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (year of ratification/signature)2002
Status of environmental treaties - Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)1993
Status of environmental treaties - Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)2002
Status of environmental treaties - Convention on Biological Diversity (year of ratification/signature)1993
Status of environmental treaties - Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature), 19881988
Status of environmental treaties - Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature)1988
Status of environmental treaties - Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (year of ratification/signature), 20012004
Status of environmental treaties - UN Law of the Sea (year of ratification/signature)1997
Status of environmental treaties - UN Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (year of ratification/signature)1996
26. Refugees and armaments
Internally displaced people (thousands), 2006..
Refugees by country of asylum (thousands), 20065
Refugees by country of origin (thousands), 20062
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 1996435
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 2006378
Conventional arms transfers, exports (1990 US$ millions), 2006803
Conventional arms transfers, exports (% of world total), 2002-061
Armed forces (thousands), 2007147
Armed forces, index (1985=100), 200746
27. Crime and justice
Homicides (per 100,000 people), 2000-20041.2
Prison population total, 200764215
Prison population (per 100,000 people), 2007145
Prison population (% female), 20078
Year in which countries have partially or completely abolished the death penalty1995
28. Gender-related development index
Gender-related development index (GDI) rank, 200512
Gender-related development index (GDI) value, 20050.944
Life expectancy at birth, female (years), 200583.8
Life expectancy at birth, male (years), 200577.2
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 2005..9
Adult literacy rate, male (% aged 15 and older), 2005..9
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, female (%) , 200510110
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, male (%) , 20059510
Estimated earned income, female (PPP US$), 200518,33511
Estimated earned income, male (PPP US$), 200536,32411
HDI rank minus GDI rank, 20051
29. Gender empowerment measure
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) rank12
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) value0.794
Seats in parliament (% held by women)30.5
Legislators, senior officials and managers (% female), 1999-200532
Professional and technical workers (% female), 1994-200548
Ratio of estimated female to male earned income0.50
30. Gender inequality in education
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older) , 2005..
Adult literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 2005..
Youth literacy rate, female (% aged 15-24), 2005..
Youth literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 2005..
Net primary enrolment rate, female (%), 200599
Net primary enrolment rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20050.99
Gross primary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005105
Gross primary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio)0.98
Gross secondary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005127
Gross secondary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20051.05
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio, female (%), 200574
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20051.22
31. Gender inequality in economic activity
Economic activity rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200544.9
Economic activity index (1990=100), female (aged 15 and older), 2005132
Economic activity rate (female rate as % of male rate, aged 15 and older), 200566
Employment in agriculture, female (% of total female employment), 1995-20054
Employment in agriculture, male (% of total male employment), 1995-20046
Employment in industry, female (% of total female employment), 1995-200312
Employment in industry, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200341
Employment in services, female (% of total female employment), 1995-200384
Employment in services, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200352
Contributing family workers, women (% of total), 1995-200564
Contributing family workers, men (% of total), 1995-200436
33. Women’s political participation
Year women received right to vote1931
Year women received right to stand for election1931
Year first woman elected (E) or appointed (A) to parliament1931 E
Women in government at ministerial level (as % of total), 200550.0
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 199014.6
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 200736.0
Seats in upper house or senate (% held by women), 200723.2
34. Status of major international human rights instruments
Status of human rights instruments: International convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (year of ratification/signature), 19481968
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (year of ratification/signature), 19651968
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (year of ratification/signature), 19661977
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (year of ratification/signature), 19661977
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (year of ratification/signature), 19791984
Status of human rights instruments: Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (year of ratification/signature), 19841987
Status of human rights instruments: Convention on the Rights of the Child (year of ratification/signature), 19891990
35. Status of fundamental labour rights conventions
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 87 (year of ratification/signature)1977
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 98 (year of ratification/signature)1977
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 29 (year of ratification/signature)1932
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 105 (year of ratification/signature)1967
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 100 (year of ratification/signature)1967
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 111 (year of ratification/signature)1967
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 138 (year of ratification/signature)1977
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 182 (year of ratification/signature)2001

Notes:
1 - For purposes of calculating the HDI, a value of 99.0% was applied.
2 -
3 - For calculating HPI-2 an estimate of 16.4%, the unweighted average of countries with available data, was applied.
4 - Data refer to a year or period other than that specified, differ from the standard definition or refer to only part of a country.
5 - Data refer to a year or period other than that specified, differ from the standard definition or refer to only part of a country.
6 - Data refer to a period other than that specified.
7 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
8 - Data refer to income shares by percentiles of population, ranked by per capita income.
9 - For the purposes of calculating the GDI, a value of 99.0 % was applied.
10 - For the purpose of calculating the GDI, the female and male values appearing in this table were scaled downward to reflect the maximum values for adult literacy (99%), gross enrolment ratios (100%), and GDP per capita (40,000 (PPP US$)). For more details, see Technical note 1.
11 - No wage data are available. For the purposes of calculating the estimated female and male earned income, a value of 0.75 was used for the ratio of the female nonagricultural wage to the male nonagricultural wage.

Symbols :
.. Data not available
(.) Greater (or less) than zero but small enough to be rounded off to zero at the displayed number of decimal points
<Less than
-Not applicable
TTotal