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2007/2008 Report
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The latest global Report on the theme of climate change has been launched on 27 November 2007.

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2007/2008 Report

Gambia
HDI Rank - 155
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01. Human development index
Human development index value, 20050.502
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 200558.8
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005..1
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200550.123
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 20051,9214
Life expectancy index0.563
Education index0.450
GDP index0.493
GDP per capita (PPP US$) rank minus HDI rank- 9
1a. Basic indicators for other UN member states
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 2000-0558.8
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005..
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200550.1
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 20051,921
Population, total (thousands), 20041,617
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-055.2
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2005137
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 200477
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 20052.4 [1.2–4.1]
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002/0429
Population using an improved water source (%), 200482
02. Human development index trends
Human development index (trends), 19750.290
Human development index (trends), 1980..
Human development index (trends), 1985..
Human development index (trends), 1990..
Human development index (trends), 19950.436
Human development index (trends), 20000.472
Human development index (trends), 20050.502
03. Human and income poverty: developing countries
Human poverty index (HPI-1) rank94
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) value (%)40.9
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40 (% of cohort), 2000-0520.9
Adult illiteracy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005..5
Population not using an improved water source (%), 200418
Children underweight for age (% under age 5), 1996-200517
Population living below $1 a day (%), 1990-200559.3
Population living below $2 a day (%), 1990-200582.9
Population living below the national poverty line (%), 1990-200457.66
HPI-1 rank minus income poverty rank- 4
04. Human and income poverty: OECD countries, Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS
Human poverty index (HPI-2) rank..
Human poverty index (HPI-2) value (%)..
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 60 (% of cohort), 2000-0534.0
Population lacking functional literacy skills (% aged 16-65), 1994-2003..
Long-term unemployment (% of labour force), 2006..
Population living below 50% of median income (%), 2000-2004..6
Population living below $11 a day (1994 PPP US$), 1994-95..
Population living below $4 a day (1990 PPP US$), 2000-04..6
HPI-2 rank minus income poverty rank..
05. Demographic trends
Population, total (millions), 19750.6
Population, total (millions), 20051.6
Population, total (millions), 20152.1
Population, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20053.5
Population, annual growth rate (%), 2005-152.5
Population, urban (% of total population), 197524.4
Population, urban (% of total population), 200553.9
Population, urban (% of total population), 201561.8
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 200541.2
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 201538.3
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 20053.7
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 20154.5
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 1970-756.6
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-055.2
06. Commitment to health: resources, access and services
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20041.8
Private expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20045.0
Health expenditure per capita (PPP US$), 200488
One-year-olds fully immunized against tuberculosis (%), 200589
One-year-olds fully immunized against measles (%), 200584
Children with diarrhoea receiving oral rehydration and continued feeding (% under age 5), 1998-200538
Contraceptive prevalence rate (% of married women aged 15-49), 1997-200518
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%), 1997-200555
Physicians (per 100,000 people), 2000-04116
07. Water, sanitation and nutritional status
Population using improved sanitation (%), 1990..
Population using improved sanitation (%), 200453
Population using an improved water source (%), 1990..
Population using an improved water source (%), 200482
Population undernourished (% of total population), 1990-92226
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002-0429
Children under weight for age (% under age 5), 1996-200517
Children under height for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005246
Infants with low birthweight (%), 1998-200517
08. Inequalities in maternal and child health
Survey year for inequality data in table 8..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, poorest 20% (%)..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, richest 20% (%)..
One-year-olds fully immunized, poorest 20% (%)..
One-year-olds fully immunized, richest 20% (%)..
Children under height for age, poorest 20% (% children under age 5)..
Children under height for age, richest 20% (% children under age 5)..
Infant mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Infant mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Under-five mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Under-five mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
09. Leading global health crises and risks
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 20052.4 [1.2–4.1]
Condom use at last high-risk sex, women (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Condom use at last high-risk sex, men (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 using insecticide-treated bednets (%), 1999-200515
Children under age 5 with fever treated with antimalarial drugs (%), 1999-200555
Tuberculosis cases, prevalence (per 100,000 people), 2005352
Tuberculosis cases detected under DOTS (%), 200569
Tuberculosis cases cured under DOTS (%), 200386
Prevalence of smoking, women (% of adults), 2002-04..6
Prevalence of smoking, men (% of adults), 2002-04..6
10. Survival: progress and setbacks
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 1970-7538.3
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 2000-0558.0
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 1970180
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200597
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 1970311
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2005137
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, female (% of cohort), 2000-0561.4
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, male (% of cohort), 2000-0554.8
Maternal mortality ratio, reported (per 100,000 live births), 1990-2004730
Maternal mortality ratio, adjusted (per 100,000 live births), 20006906
11. Commitment to education: public spending
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 19913.8
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-052.07
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 199114.6
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 2002-058.9
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 199142
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 2002-05..
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 199121
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 2002-05..
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 199118
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 2002-05..
12. Literacy and enrolment
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1985-1995..
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005..
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1985-1995..
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1995-2005..
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 1991488
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 20057789
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 1991..
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 20054589
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 1991..
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 2004..
Tertiary students in science, engineering, manufacturing and construction (% of tertiary students), 1999-200521
13. Technology: diffusion and creation
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 19907
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 200529
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 19900
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 2005163
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 19900
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 20053310
Patents granted to residents (per million peole), 2005..
Receipts of royalties and license fees (US$ per person), 2005..
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP), 2000-2005..
Researchers in R&D (per million people), 1990-2005..
14. Economic performance
GDP (current US$ billions), 20050.5
GDP, PPP (current international $ billions), 20052.911
GDP per capita (US$), 2005304
GDP per capita, PPP (2005 international $), 20051,92111
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1975-2005- 0.1
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1990-20050.1
GDP per capita, highest value (2005 PPP US$), 1975-20051,932
GDP per capita, year of highest value1984
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 1990-20055.0
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 2004-053.2
15. Inequality in income or expenditure
Survey Year199812
Share of income or consumption, poorest 10% (%)1.8
Share of income or consumption, poorest 20% (%)4.8
Share of income or consumption, richest 20% (%)53.4
Share of income or consumption, richest 10% (%)37.0
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 10% to poorest 10%20.2
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 20% to poorest 20%11.2
Gini index50.2
16. Structure of trade
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 199072
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 200565
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 199060
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 200545
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 1990..
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 20058413
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 1990..
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 200517
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 1990..
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 20055.9
Terms of trade (2000=100), 2004-2005115
17. OECD-DAC country expenditures on aid
Official development assistance, net disbursed (US$ millions), 2005..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 1990..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 2005..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 1990..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 2005..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 1990..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 2005..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 1996-1997..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 2004-2005..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 1990..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 2005..
18. Flows of aid, private capital and debt
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (US$ millions), 200558.2
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) per capita (US$), 200538.3
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 199030.7
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 200512.6
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 19904.5
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 200511.3
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 1990- 2.4
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 20050
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 199011.9
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 20056.3
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 199022.2
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 200512.0
19. Priorities in public spending
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20041.8
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 19913.8
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-052.014
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 19901.2
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 20050.515
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 199011.9
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 20056.3
20. Unemployment in OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 2006..
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 2006..
Unemployment rate, average annual (% of labour force), 1996-2006..
Unemployment rate Female (% of male rate), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate, total (% of labour force aged 15-24), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, women (% of total unemployment), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, men (% of total unemployment), 2006..
21. Unemployment and informal sector work in non-OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 1996-2005..
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 1996-2005..
Unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 1996-2005..
Employment, total (thousands), 1996-2005..
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment), 1996-2005..
Employment in industry (% of total employment), 1996-2005..
Employment in services (% of total employment), 1996-2005..
Survey year, 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, both sexes (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, female (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, male (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
22. Energy and the environment
Electricity consumption per capita (kilowatt-hours), 20049816
Electricity consumption per capita (% change), 1990-20040.3
Electrification rate (%)..
Population without electricity (millions)..
GDP per unit of energy use (2000 PPP US$ per kg of oil equivalent), 2004..
GDP per unit of energy use (% change), 1990-2004..
Forest area (% total land), 200541.7
Forest area (thousand sq km), 20054.7
Forest area change from 1990-2005 (thousand sq km), 1990-20050.3
Forest area, average annual change (%), 1990-20050.4
23. Energy sources
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 1990..
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 2005..
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 2005..
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 2005..
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 2005..
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 2005..
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 2005..
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 2005..
24. Carbon dioxide emissions and stocks
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 19900.2
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 20040.3
CO2 emissions, average annual change in (%), 1990-20043.6
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 1990(.)
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 2004(.)
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 19900.2
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 20040.2
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 1990..
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 2004..
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 19900.12
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 20040.12
CO2 emissions/sequestration from forests (Mt CO2 per year), 1990-2005- 0.5
Carbon stocks in forests (living biomass) (Mt C), 200533.2
25. Status of major international environmental treaties
Status of environmental treaties - Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (year of ratification/signature)2004
Status of environmental treaties - Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)1994
Status of environmental treaties - Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)2001
Status of environmental treaties - Convention on Biological Diversity (year of ratification/signature)1994
Status of environmental treaties - Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature), 19881990
Status of environmental treaties - Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature)1990
Status of environmental treaties - Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (year of ratification/signature), 20012006
Status of environmental treaties - UN Law of the Sea (year of ratification/signature)1984
Status of environmental treaties - UN Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (year of ratification/signature)1996
26. Refugees and armaments
Internally displaced people (thousands), 2006..
Refugees by country of asylum (thousands), 200614
Refugees by country of origin (thousands), 20061
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 19960
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 20060
Conventional arms transfers, exports (1990 US$ millions), 2006..
Conventional arms transfers, exports (% of world total), 2002-06..
Armed forces (thousands), 20071
Armed forces, index (1985=100), 2007200
27. Crime and justice
Homicides (per 100,000 people), 2000-2004..
Prison population total, 2007450
Prison population (per 100,000 people), 200732
Prison population (% female), 20071
Year in which countries have partially or completely abolished the death penalty19816
28. Gender-related development index
Gender-related development index (GDI) rank, 2005132
Gender-related development index (GDI) value, 20050.496
Life expectancy at birth, female (years), 200559.9
Life expectancy at birth, male (years), 200557.7
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200549.917
Adult literacy rate, male (% aged 15 and older), 200549.917
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, female (%) , 20054918
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, male (%) , 20055118
Estimated earned income, female (PPP US$), 20051,32719
Estimated earned income, male (PPP US$), 20052,52519
HDI rank minus GDI rank, 20052
29. Gender empowerment measure
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) rank..
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) value..
Seats in parliament (% held by women)9.4
Legislators, senior officials and managers (% female), 1999-2005..
Professional and technical workers (% female), 1994-2005..
Ratio of estimated female to male earned income0.53
30. Gender inequality in education
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older) , 2005..
Adult literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 2005..
Youth literacy rate, female (% aged 15-24), 2005..
Youth literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 2005..
Net primary enrolment rate, female (%), 2005772021
Net primary enrolment rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20050.992021
Gross primary enrolment ratio, female (%), 20058421
Gross primary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio)1.0621
Gross secondary enrolment ratio, female (%), 20054221
Gross secondary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20050.8221
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005(.)21
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20050.2321
31. Gender inequality in economic activity
Economic activity rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200559.1
Economic activity index (1990=100), female (aged 15 and older), 200594
Economic activity rate (female rate as % of male rate, aged 15 and older), 200569
Employment in agriculture, female (% of total female employment), 1995-2005..
Employment in agriculture, male (% of total male employment), 1995-2004..
Employment in industry, female (% of total female employment), 1995-2003..
Employment in industry, male (% of total male employment), 1995-2003..
Employment in services, female (% of total female employment), 1995-2003..
Employment in services, male (% of total male employment), 1995-2003..
Contributing family workers, women (% of total), 1995-2005..
Contributing family workers, men (% of total), 1995-2004..
33. Women’s political participation
Year women received right to vote1960
Year women received right to stand for election1960
Year first woman elected (E) or appointed (A) to parliament1982 E
Women in government at ministerial level (as % of total), 200520.0
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 19907.8
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 20079.4
Seats in upper house or senate (% held by women), 2007NA
34. Status of major international human rights instruments
Status of human rights instruments: International convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (year of ratification/signature), 19481978
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (year of ratification/signature), 19651978
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (year of ratification/signature), 19661979
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (year of ratification/signature), 19661978
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (year of ratification/signature), 19791993
Status of human rights instruments: Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (year of ratification/signature), 198419856
Status of human rights instruments: Convention on the Rights of the Child (year of ratification/signature), 19891990
35. Status of fundamental labour rights conventions
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 87 (year of ratification/signature)2000
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 98 (year of ratification/signature)2000
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 29 (year of ratification/signature)2000
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 105 (year of ratification/signature)2000
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 100 (year of ratification/signature)2000
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 111 (year of ratification/signature)2000
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 138 (year of ratification/signature)2000
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 182 (year of ratification/signature)2001

Notes:
1 - In the absence of recent data, estimates from UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Institute for Statistics. 2003. Correspondence on adult and youth literacy rates. March. Montreal, based on outdated census or survey information, were used and should be interpreted with caution: Bahamas 95.8, Barbados 99.7, Comoros 56.8, Djibouti 70.3, Eritrea 60.5, Fiji 94.4, Gambia 42.5, Guinea-Bissau 44.8, Guyana 99.0, Haiti 54.8, Hong Kong, China (SAR) 94.6, Hungary 99.4, Lebanon 88.3, Poland 99.8 and Uzbekistan 99.4.
2 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
3 - Data refer to a year other than that specified.
4 - World Bank estimate based on regression.
5 - In the absence of recent data, estimates from UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Institute for Statistics. 2003. Correspondence on adult and youth literacy rates. March. Montreal based on outdated census or survey information, were used and should be interpreted with caution: Barbados 0.3, Comoros 43.2, Djibouti 29.7, Eritrea 39.5, Fiji 5.6, Gambia 57.5, Guinea-Bissau 55.2, Guyana 1.0, Haiti 45.2, and Lebanon 11.7.
6 -
7 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
8 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
9 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified.
10 - Data refer to 2004.
11 - World Bank estimates based on regression.
12 - Data refer to expenditure shares by percentiles of population, ranked by per capita expenditure.
13 - One or more of the components of primary exports are missing.
14 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
15 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified; from 1999 onwards.
16 - Data are estimates produced by the UN Statistics Division.
17 - In the absence of recent data, estimates from UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Institute for Statistics. 2003. Correspondence on adult and youth literacy rates. March. Montreal, based on outdated census or survey information were used, and should be interpreted with caution.
18 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified.
19 - No wage data are available. For the purposes of calculating the estimated female and male earned income, a value of 0.75 was used for the ratio of the female nonagricultural wage to the male nonagricultural wage.
20 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
21 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified.