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2007/2008 Human Development Report

Cambodia
HDI Rank - 131
ExcelCountry Factsheet

01. Human development index
Human development index value, 20050.598
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 200558.0
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200573.6
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200560.01
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 20052,7272
Life expectancy index0.550
Education index0.691
GDP index0.552
GDP per capita (PPP US$) rank minus HDI rank- 6
1a. Basic indicators for other UN member states
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 2000-0558.0
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200573.6
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200560.0
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 20052,727
Population, total (thousands), 200413,956
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-053.6
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2005143
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 200499
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 20051.6 [0.9–2.6]
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002/0433
Population using an improved water source (%), 200441
02. Human development index trends
Human development index (trends), 1975..
Human development index (trends), 1980..
Human development index (trends), 1985..
Human development index (trends), 1990..
Human development index (trends), 19950.540
Human development index (trends), 20000.547
Human development index (trends), 20050.598
03. Human and income poverty: developing countries
Human poverty index (HPI-1) rank85
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) value (%)38.6
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40 (% of cohort), 2000-0524.1
Adult illiteracy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200526.4
Population not using an improved water source (%), 200459
Children underweight for age (% under age 5), 1996-200545
Population living below $1 a day (%), 1990-200534.1
Population living below $2 a day (%), 1990-200577.7
Population living below the national poverty line (%), 1990-200435.03
HPI-1 rank minus income poverty rank6
04. Human and income poverty: OECD countries, Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS
Human poverty index (HPI-2) rank..
Human poverty index (HPI-2) value (%)..
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 60 (% of cohort), 2000-0541.6
Population lacking functional literacy skills (% aged 16-65), 1994-2003..
Long-term unemployment (% of labour force), 2006..
Population living below 50% of median income (%), 2000-2004..3
Population living below $11 a day (1994 PPP US$), 1994-95..
Population living below $4 a day (1990 PPP US$), 2000-04..3
HPI-2 rank minus income poverty rank..
05. Demographic trends
Population, total (millions), 19757.1
Population, total (millions), 200514.0
Population, total (millions), 201516.6
Population, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20052.3
Population, annual growth rate (%), 2005-151.8
Population, urban (% of total population), 197510.3
Population, urban (% of total population), 200519.7
Population, urban (% of total population), 201526.1
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 200537.6
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 201532.1
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 20053.1
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 20154.0
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 1970-755.5
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-053.6
06. Commitment to health: resources, access and services
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20041.7
Private expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20045.0
Health expenditure per capita (PPP US$), 2004140
One-year-olds fully immunized against tuberculosis (%), 200587
One-year-olds fully immunized against measles (%), 200579
Children with diarrhoea receiving oral rehydration and continued feeding (% under age 5), 1998-200559
Contraceptive prevalence rate (% of married women aged 15-49), 1997-200524
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%), 1997-200532
Physicians (per 100,000 people), 2000-04163
07. Water, sanitation and nutritional status
Population using improved sanitation (%), 1990..
Population using improved sanitation (%), 200417
Population using an improved water source (%), 1990..
Population using an improved water source (%), 200441
Population undernourished (% of total population), 1990-92433
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002-0433
Children under weight for age (% under age 5), 1996-200545
Children under height for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005493
Infants with low birthweight (%), 1998-200511
08. Inequalities in maternal and child health
Survey year for inequality data in table 82005
Births attended by skilled health personnel, poorest 20% (%)21
Births attended by skilled health personnel, richest 20% (%)90
One-year-olds fully immunized, poorest 20% (%)564
One-year-olds fully immunized, richest 20% (%)764
Children under height for age, poorest 20% (% children under age 5)47
Children under height for age, richest 20% (% children under age 5)19
Infant mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)101
Infant mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)34
Under-five mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)127
Under-five mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)43
09. Leading global health crises and risks
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 20051.6 [0.9–2.6]
Condom use at last high-risk sex, women (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Condom use at last high-risk sex, men (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 using insecticide-treated bednets (%), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 with fever treated with antimalarial drugs (%), 1999-2005..
Tuberculosis cases, prevalence (per 100,000 people), 2005703
Tuberculosis cases detected under DOTS (%), 200566
Tuberculosis cases cured under DOTS (%), 200391
Prevalence of smoking, women (% of adults), 2002-04..3
Prevalence of smoking, men (% of adults), 2002-04..3
10. Survival: progress and setbacks
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 1970-7540.3
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 2000-0556.8
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 1970..
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200598
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 1970..
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2005143
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, female (% of cohort), 2000-0557.8
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, male (% of cohort), 2000-0543.7
Maternal mortality ratio, reported (per 100,000 live births), 1990-2004440
Maternal mortality ratio, adjusted (per 100,000 live births), 20005903
11. Commitment to education: public spending
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 1991..
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-051.9
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 1991..
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 2002-0514.65
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 2002-05745
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 2002-05215
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 2002-0555
12. Literacy and enrolment
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1985-1995..
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200573.6
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1985-1995..
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1995-200583.4
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 1991696
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 200599
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 1991..
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 2005246
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 1991..
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 200463
Tertiary students in science, engineering, manufacturing and construction (% of tertiary students), 1999-200519
13. Technology: diffusion and creation
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 1990(.)
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 200537
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 19900
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 200575
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 19900
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 200538
Patents granted to residents (per million peole), 2005..
Receipts of royalties and license fees (US$ per person), 2005(.)
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP), 2000-2005..
Researchers in R&D (per million people), 1990-2005..
14. Economic performance
GDP (current US$ billions), 20056.2
GDP, PPP (current international $ billions), 200538.49
GDP per capita (US$), 2005440
GDP per capita, PPP (2005 international $), 20052,7279
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1975-2005..
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1990-20055.510
GDP per capita, highest value (2005 PPP US$), 1975-20052,72710
GDP per capita, year of highest value2005
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 1990-20053.9
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 2004-055.7
15. Inequality in income or expenditure
Survey Year200411
Share of income or consumption, poorest 10% (%)2.9
Share of income or consumption, poorest 20% (%)6.8
Share of income or consumption, richest 20% (%)49.6
Share of income or consumption, richest 10% (%)34.8
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 10% to poorest 10%12.2
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 20% to poorest 20%7.3
Gini index41.7
16. Structure of trade
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 199013
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 200574
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 19906
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 200565
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 1990..
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 2005312
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 1990..
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 20059712
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 1990..
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 20050.212
Terms of trade (2000=100), 2004-2005..
17. OECD-DAC country expenditures on aid
Official development assistance, net disbursed (US$ millions), 2005..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 1990..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 2005..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 1990..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 2005..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 1990..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 2005..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 1996-1997..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 2004-2005..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 1990..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 2005..
18. Flows of aid, private capital and debt
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (US$ millions), 2005537.8
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) per capita (US$), 200538.2
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 19903.7
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 20058.7
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 1990..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 20056.1
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 19900
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 20050
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 19902.7
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 20050.5
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 1990..
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 20050.7
19. Priorities in public spending
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20041.7
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 1991..
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-051.9
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 19903.1
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 20051.8
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 19902.7
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 20050.5
20. Unemployment in OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 2006..
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 2006..
Unemployment rate, average annual (% of labour force), 1996-2006..
Unemployment rate Female (% of male rate), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate, total (% of labour force aged 15-24), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, women (% of total unemployment), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, men (% of total unemployment), 2006..
21. Unemployment and informal sector work in non-OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 1996-2005503
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 1996-20051.8
Unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 1996-2005147
Employment, total (thousands), 1996-20056,243
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment), 1996-200570
Employment in industry (% of total employment), 1996-200511
Employment in services (% of total employment), 1996-200519
Survey year, 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, both sexes (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, female (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, male (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
22. Energy and the environment
Electricity consumption per capita (kilowatt-hours), 20041013
Electricity consumption per capita (% change), 1990-2004- 0.4
Electrification rate (%)20
Population without electricity (millions)10.9
GDP per unit of energy use (2000 PPP US$ per kg of oil equivalent), 2004..
GDP per unit of energy use (% change), 1990-2004..
Forest area (% total land), 200559.2
Forest area (thousand sq km), 2005104.5
Forest area change from 1990-2005 (thousand sq km), 1990-2005- 25.0
Forest area, average annual change (%), 1990-2005- 1.3
23. Energy sources
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 1990..
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 20054.8
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 20050
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 200526.6
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 20050
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 20050.1
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 200573.2
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 20050
24. Carbon dioxide emissions and stocks
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 19900.5
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 20040.5
CO2 emissions, average annual change in (%), 1990-20041.3
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 1990(.)
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 2004(.)
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 1990(.)
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 2004(.)
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 1990..
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 2004..
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 1990..
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 20040.02
CO2 emissions/sequestration from forests (Mt CO2 per year), 1990-200580.6
Carbon stocks in forests (living biomass) (Mt C), 20051,266.0
25. Status of major international environmental treaties
Status of environmental treaties - Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (year of ratification/signature)2003
Status of environmental treaties - Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)1995
Status of environmental treaties - Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)2002
Status of environmental treaties - Convention on Biological Diversity (year of ratification/signature)1995
Status of environmental treaties - Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature), 19882001
Status of environmental treaties - Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature)2001
Status of environmental treaties - Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (year of ratification/signature), 20012006
Status of environmental treaties - UN Law of the Sea (year of ratification/signature)198314
Status of environmental treaties - UN Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (year of ratification/signature)1997
26. Refugees and armaments
Internally displaced people (thousands), 2006..
Refugees by country of asylum (thousands), 2006(.)
Refugees by country of origin (thousands), 200618
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 199633
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 20060
Conventional arms transfers, exports (1990 US$ millions), 20060
Conventional arms transfers, exports (% of world total), 2002-06..
Armed forces (thousands), 2007124
Armed forces, index (1985=100), 2007354
27. Crime and justice
Homicides (per 100,000 people), 2000-2004..
Prison population total, 20078160
Prison population (per 100,000 people), 200758
Prison population (% female), 20076
Year in which countries have partially or completely abolished the death penalty1989
28. Gender-related development index
Gender-related development index (GDI) rank, 2005113
Gender-related development index (GDI) value, 20050.594
Life expectancy at birth, female (years), 200560.6
Life expectancy at birth, male (years), 200555.2
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200564.1
Adult literacy rate, male (% aged 15 and older), 200584.7
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, female (%) , 200556
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, male (%) , 200564
Estimated earned income, female (PPP US$), 20052,33215
Estimated earned income, male (PPP US$), 20053,14915
HDI rank minus GDI rank, 20051
29. Gender empowerment measure
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) rank83
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) value0.377
Seats in parliament (% held by women)11.4
Legislators, senior officials and managers (% female), 1999-200514
Professional and technical workers (% female), 1994-200533
Ratio of estimated female to male earned income0.74
30. Gender inequality in education
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older) , 200564.1
Adult literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20050.76
Youth literacy rate, female (% aged 15-24), 200578.9
Youth literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20050.90
Net primary enrolment rate, female (%), 200598
Net primary enrolment rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20050.98
Gross primary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005129
Gross primary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio)0.92
Gross secondary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005241617
Gross secondary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20050.691617
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio, female (%), 20052
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20050.46
31. Gender inequality in economic activity
Economic activity rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200574.4
Economic activity index (1990=100), female (aged 15 and older), 200596
Economic activity rate (female rate as % of male rate, aged 15 and older), 200593
Employment in agriculture, female (% of total female employment), 1995-200575
Employment in agriculture, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200472
Employment in industry, female (% of total female employment), 1995-200310
Employment in industry, male (% of total male employment), 1995-20037
Employment in services, female (% of total female employment), 1995-200315
Employment in services, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200320
Contributing family workers, women (% of total), 1995-2005..
Contributing family workers, men (% of total), 1995-2004..
33. Women’s political participation
Year women received right to vote1955
Year women received right to stand for election1955
Year first woman elected (E) or appointed (A) to parliament1958 E
Women in government at ministerial level (as % of total), 20057.1
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 1990..
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 20079.8
Seats in upper house or senate (% held by women), 200714.8
34. Status of major international human rights instruments
Status of human rights instruments: International convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (year of ratification/signature), 19481950
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (year of ratification/signature), 19651983
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (year of ratification/signature), 19661992
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (year of ratification/signature), 19661992
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (year of ratification/signature), 19791992
Status of human rights instruments: Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (year of ratification/signature), 19841992
Status of human rights instruments: Convention on the Rights of the Child (year of ratification/signature), 19891992
35. Status of fundamental labour rights conventions
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 87 (year of ratification/signature)1999
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 98 (year of ratification/signature)1999
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 29 (year of ratification/signature)1969
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 105 (year of ratification/signature)1999
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 100 (year of ratification/signature)1999
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 111 (year of ratification/signature)1999
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 138 (year of ratification/signature)1999
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 182 (year of ratification/signature)2006

Notes:
1 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
2 - World Bank estimate based on regression.
3 -
4 - Includes BCG, measles or MMR, DPT or Pentavalente and polio vaccinations.
5 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified (in the period 1999 to 2001).
6 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
7 - Data refer to 2003.
8 - Data refer to 2004.
9 - World Bank estimates based on regression.
10 - Data refer to a period shorter than that specified.
11 - Data refer to expenditure shares by percentiles of population, ranked by per capita expenditure.
12 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified; from 2000 onwards.
13 - Data are estimates produced by the UN Statistics Division.
14 - Signature not yet followed by ratification.
15 - No wage data are available. For the purposes of calculating the estimated female and male earned income, a value of 0.75 was used for the ratio of the female nonagricultural wage to the male nonagricultural wage.
16 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
17 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified.

Symbols :
.. Data not available
(.) Greater (or less) than zero but small enough to be rounded off to zero at the displayed number of decimal points
<Less than
-Not applicable
TTotal