Highlights

2007/2008 Report
HDR 2007 logo

The latest global Report on the theme of climate change has been launched on 27 November 2007.

Read more

2007/2008 Report

Myanmar
HDI Rank - 132
Excel

01. Human development index
Human development index value, 20050.583
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 200560.8
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200589.9
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200549.51
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 20051,02723
Life expectancy index0.596
Education index0.764
GDP index0.389
GDP per capita (PPP US$) rank minus HDI rank35
1a. Basic indicators for other UN member states
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 2000-0560.8
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200589.9
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200549.5
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 20051,027
Population, total (thousands), 200447,967
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-052.2
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2005105
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 200490
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 20051.3 [0.7–2.0]
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002/045
Population using an improved water source (%), 200478
02. Human development index trends
Human development index (trends), 1975..
Human development index (trends), 1980..
Human development index (trends), 1985..
Human development index (trends), 1990..
Human development index (trends), 1995..
Human development index (trends), 2000..
Human development index (trends), 20050.583
03. Human and income poverty: developing countries
Human poverty index (HPI-1) rank52
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) value (%)21.5
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40 (% of cohort), 2000-0521.0
Adult illiteracy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200510.1
Population not using an improved water source (%), 200422
Children underweight for age (% under age 5), 1996-200532
Population living below $1 a day (%), 1990-2005..
Population living below $2 a day (%), 1990-2005..
Population living below the national poverty line (%), 1990-2004..4
HPI-1 rank minus income poverty rank..
04. Human and income poverty: OECD countries, Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS
Human poverty index (HPI-2) rank..
Human poverty index (HPI-2) value (%)..
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 60 (% of cohort), 2000-0536.0
Population lacking functional literacy skills (% aged 16-65), 1994-2003..
Long-term unemployment (% of labour force), 2006..
Population living below 50% of median income (%), 2000-2004..4
Population living below $11 a day (1994 PPP US$), 1994-95..
Population living below $4 a day (1990 PPP US$), 2000-04..4
HPI-2 rank minus income poverty rank..
05. Demographic trends
Population, total (millions), 197529.8
Population, total (millions), 200548.0
Population, total (millions), 201552.0
Population, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20051.6
Population, annual growth rate (%), 2005-150.8
Population, urban (% of total population), 197523.9
Population, urban (% of total population), 200530.6
Population, urban (% of total population), 201537.4
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 200527.3
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 201523.1
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 20055.6
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 20156.3
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 1970-755.9
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-052.2
06. Commitment to health: resources, access and services
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20040.3
Private expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20041.9
Health expenditure per capita (PPP US$), 200438
One-year-olds fully immunized against tuberculosis (%), 200576
One-year-olds fully immunized against measles (%), 200572
Children with diarrhoea receiving oral rehydration and continued feeding (% under age 5), 1998-200548
Contraceptive prevalence rate (% of married women aged 15-49), 1997-200534
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%), 1997-200557
Physicians (per 100,000 people), 2000-04364
07. Water, sanitation and nutritional status
Population using improved sanitation (%), 199024
Population using improved sanitation (%), 200477
Population using an improved water source (%), 199057
Population using an improved water source (%), 200478
Population undernourished (% of total population), 1990-92104
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002-045
Children under weight for age (% under age 5), 1996-200532
Children under height for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005414
Infants with low birthweight (%), 1998-200515
08. Inequalities in maternal and child health
Survey year for inequality data in table 8..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, poorest 20% (%)..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, richest 20% (%)..
One-year-olds fully immunized, poorest 20% (%)..
One-year-olds fully immunized, richest 20% (%)..
Children under height for age, poorest 20% (% children under age 5)..
Children under height for age, richest 20% (% children under age 5)..
Infant mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Infant mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Under-five mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Under-five mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
09. Leading global health crises and risks
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 20051.3 [0.7–2.0]
Condom use at last high-risk sex, women (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Condom use at last high-risk sex, men (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 using insecticide-treated bednets (%), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 with fever treated with antimalarial drugs (%), 1999-2005..
Tuberculosis cases, prevalence (per 100,000 people), 2005170
Tuberculosis cases detected under DOTS (%), 200595
Tuberculosis cases cured under DOTS (%), 200384
Prevalence of smoking, women (% of adults), 2002-04124
Prevalence of smoking, men (% of adults), 2002-04364
10. Survival: progress and setbacks
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 1970-7553.1
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 2000-0559.9
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 1970122
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200575
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 1970179
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2005105
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, female (% of cohort), 2000-0564.1
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, male (% of cohort), 2000-0550.7
Maternal mortality ratio, reported (per 100,000 live births), 1990-2004230
Maternal mortality ratio, adjusted (per 100,000 live births), 20003804
11. Commitment to education: public spending
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 1991..
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-051.35
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 1991..
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 2002-0518.165
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 2002-05..
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 2002-05..
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 2002-05..
12. Literacy and enrolment
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1985-1995..
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200589.9
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1985-1995..
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1995-200594.5
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 1991987
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 200590
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 1991..
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 200537
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 1991..
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 200470
Tertiary students in science, engineering, manufacturing and construction (% of tertiary students), 1999-200542
13. Technology: diffusion and creation
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 19902
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 20059
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 19900
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 20054
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 19900
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 20052
Patents granted to residents (per million peole), 2005..
Receipts of royalties and license fees (US$ per person), 200508
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP), 2000-20057.38370117088251E-02
Researchers in R&D (per million people), 1990-200517
14. Economic performance
GDP (current US$ billions), 2005..
GDP, PPP (current international $ billions), 2005..
GDP per capita (US$), 2005..
GDP per capita, PPP (2005 international $), 2005..
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20052.69
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1990-20056.69
GDP per capita, highest value (2005 PPP US$), 1975-2005..
GDP per capita, year of highest value..
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 1990-200525.2
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 2004-059.4
15. Inequality in income or expenditure
Survey Year..
Share of income or consumption, poorest 10% (%)..
Share of income or consumption, poorest 20% (%)..
Share of income or consumption, richest 20% (%)..
Share of income or consumption, richest 10% (%)..
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 10% to poorest 10%..
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 20% to poorest 20%..
Gini index..
16. Structure of trade
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 19905
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 2005..
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 19903
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 2005..
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 19908910
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 2005..
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 19901110
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 2005..
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 19903.010
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 2005..
Terms of trade (2000=100), 2004-2005102
17. OECD-DAC country expenditures on aid
Official development assistance, net disbursed (US$ millions), 2005..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 1990..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 2005..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 1990..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 2005..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 1990..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 2005..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 1996-1997..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 2004-2005..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 1990..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 2005..
18. Flows of aid, private capital and debt
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (US$ millions), 2005144.7
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) per capita (US$), 20052.9
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 1990..
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 2005..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 1990..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 2005..
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 1990..
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 2005..
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 1990..
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 2005..
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 199018.4
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 20053.811
19. Priorities in public spending
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20040.3
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 1991..
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-051.312
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 1990..
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 2005..
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 1990..
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 2005..
20. Unemployment in OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 2006..
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 2006..
Unemployment rate, average annual (% of labour force), 1996-2006..
Unemployment rate Female (% of male rate), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate, total (% of labour force aged 15-24), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, women (% of total unemployment), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, men (% of total unemployment), 2006..
21. Unemployment and informal sector work in non-OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 1996-20051904
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 1996-2005..
Unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 1996-2005..
Employment, total (thousands), 1996-200518,359
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment), 1996-200563
Employment in industry (% of total employment), 1996-200512
Employment in services (% of total employment), 1996-2005254
Survey year, 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, both sexes (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, female (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, male (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
22. Energy and the environment
Electricity consumption per capita (kilowatt-hours), 2004129
Electricity consumption per capita (% change), 1990-20041.1
Electrification rate (%)11
Population without electricity (millions)45.1
GDP per unit of energy use (2000 PPP US$ per kg of oil equivalent), 2004..
GDP per unit of energy use (% change), 1990-2004..
Forest area (% total land), 200549.0
Forest area (thousand sq km), 2005322.2
Forest area change from 1990-2005 (thousand sq km), 1990-2005- 70.0
Forest area, average annual change (%), 1990-2005- 1.2
23. Energy sources
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 199010.7
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 200514.7
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 19900.6
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 20050.6
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 19906.9
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 200513.7
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 19907.1
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 200514.4
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 19901.0
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 20051.8
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 199084.4
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 200569.6
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 19900
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 20050
24. Carbon dioxide emissions and stocks
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 19904.3
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 20049.8
CO2 emissions, average annual change in (%), 1990-20049.2
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 1990(.)
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 2004(.)
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 19900.1
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 20040.2
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 19900.40
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 20040.69
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 1990..
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 2004..
CO2 emissions/sequestration from forests (Mt CO2 per year), 1990-2005156.6
Carbon stocks in forests (living biomass) (Mt C), 20053,168.0
25. Status of major international environmental treaties
Status of environmental treaties - Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (year of ratification/signature)200113
Status of environmental treaties - Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)1994
Status of environmental treaties - Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)2003
Status of environmental treaties - Convention on Biological Diversity (year of ratification/signature)1994
Status of environmental treaties - Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature), 19881993
Status of environmental treaties - Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature)1993
Status of environmental treaties - Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (year of ratification/signature), 20012004
Status of environmental treaties - UN Law of the Sea (year of ratification/signature)1996
Status of environmental treaties - UN Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (year of ratification/signature)1997
26. Refugees and armaments
Internally displaced people (thousands), 200650014
Refugees by country of asylum (thousands), 2006..
Refugees by country of origin (thousands), 2006203
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 1996120
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 20067
Conventional arms transfers, exports (1990 US$ millions), 2006..
Conventional arms transfers, exports (% of world total), 2002-06..
Armed forces (thousands), 2007375
Armed forces, index (1985=100), 2007202
27. Crime and justice
Homicides (per 100,000 people), 2000-20040.2
Prison population total, 200760000
Prison population (per 100,000 people), 2007120
Prison population (% female), 200718
Year in which countries have partially or completely abolished the death penalty..
28. Gender-related development index
Gender-related development index (GDI) rank, 2005..
Gender-related development index (GDI) value, 2005..
Life expectancy at birth, female (years), 200564.2
Life expectancy at birth, male (years), 200557.6
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200586.4
Adult literacy rate, male (% aged 15 and older), 200593.9
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, female (%) , 200551
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, male (%) , 200548
Estimated earned income, female (PPP US$), 2005..
Estimated earned income, male (PPP US$), 2005..
HDI rank minus GDI rank, 2005..
29. Gender empowerment measure
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) rank..
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) value..
Seats in parliament (% held by women)..15
Legislators, senior officials and managers (% female), 1999-2005..
Professional and technical workers (% female), 1994-2005..
Ratio of estimated female to male earned income..
30. Gender inequality in education
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older) , 200586.4
Adult literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20050.92
Youth literacy rate, female (% aged 15-24), 200593.4
Youth literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20050.98
Net primary enrolment rate, female (%), 200591
Net primary enrolment rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20051.02
Gross primary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005101
Gross primary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio)1.02
Gross secondary enrolment ratio, female (%), 200540
Gross secondary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20050.99
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005..
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 2005..
31. Gender inequality in economic activity
Economic activity rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200568.2
Economic activity index (1990=100), female (aged 15 and older), 200599
Economic activity rate (female rate as % of male rate, aged 15 and older), 200579
Employment in agriculture, female (% of total female employment), 1995-2005..
Employment in agriculture, male (% of total male employment), 1995-2004..
Employment in industry, female (% of total female employment), 1995-2003..
Employment in industry, male (% of total male employment), 1995-2003..
Employment in services, female (% of total female employment), 1995-2003..
Employment in services, male (% of total male employment), 1995-2003..
Contributing family workers, women (% of total), 1995-2005..
Contributing family workers, men (% of total), 1995-2004..
33. Women’s political participation
Year women received right to vote1935
Year women received right to stand for election1946
Year first woman elected (E) or appointed (A) to parliament1947 E
Women in government at ministerial level (as % of total), 2005..
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 1990..16
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 2007..16
Seats in upper house or senate (% held by women), 2007..16
34. Status of major international human rights instruments
Status of human rights instruments: International convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (year of ratification/signature), 19481956
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (year of ratification/signature), 1965..
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (year of ratification/signature), 1966..
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (year of ratification/signature), 1966..
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (year of ratification/signature), 19791997
Status of human rights instruments: Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (year of ratification/signature), 1984..
Status of human rights instruments: Convention on the Rights of the Child (year of ratification/signature), 19891991
35. Status of fundamental labour rights conventions
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 87 (year of ratification/signature)1955
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 98 (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 29 (year of ratification/signature)1955
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 105 (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 100 (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 111 (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 138 (year of ratification/signature)..
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 182 (year of ratification/signature)..

Notes:
1 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
2 - Data refer to a year other than that specified.
3 - Heston, Alan, Robert Summers, and Bettina Aten. 2001. Correspondence on data from the Penn World Table Version 6.0. University of Pennsylvania, Center for International Comparisons of Production, Income and Prices. [http://pwt.econ.upenn.edu/]. March. Philadelphia. Data differ from the standard definition.
4 -
5 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified (in the period 1999 to 2001).
6 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
7 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
8 - Data refer to 2003.
9 - Data refer to a period shorter than that specified.
10 - Data refer to the closest available year between 1988 and 1992.
11 - Data refer to 2004.
12 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified; from 1999 onwards.
13 - Signature not yet followed by ratification.
14 - Estimate excludes certain parts of the country or some groups of internally displaced people.
15 - The parliament elected in 1990 has never been convened nor authorized to sit, and many of its members were detained or forced into exile.
16 - The parliament elected in 1990 has never been convened nor authorized to sit, and many of its members were detained or forced into exile.