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2007/2008 Human Development Report

Paraguay
HDI Rank - 95
ExcelCountry Factsheet

01. Human development index
Human development index value, 20050.755
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 200571.3
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200593.51
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200569.123
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 20054,6424
Life expectancy index0.771
Education index0.853
GDP index0.641
GDP per capita (PPP US$) rank minus HDI rank10
1a. Basic indicators for other UN member states
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 2000-0571.3
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200593.5
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200569.1
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 20054,642
Population, total (thousands), 20045,904
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-053.5
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200523
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 200488
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 20050.4 [0.2–4.6]
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002/0415
Population using an improved water source (%), 200486
02. Human development index trends
Human development index (trends), 19750.667
Human development index (trends), 19800.701
Human development index (trends), 19850.707
Human development index (trends), 19900.718
Human development index (trends), 19950.737
Human development index (trends), 20000.749
Human development index (trends), 20050.755
03. Human and income poverty: developing countries
Human poverty index (HPI-1) rank20
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) value (%)8.8
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40 (% of cohort), 2000-059.7
Adult illiteracy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-20056.55
Population not using an improved water source (%), 200414
Children underweight for age (% under age 5), 1996-20055
Population living below $1 a day (%), 1990-200513.6
Population living below $2 a day (%), 1990-200529.8
Population living below the national poverty line (%), 1990-200421.86
HPI-1 rank minus income poverty rank- 16
04. Human and income poverty: OECD countries, Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS
Human poverty index (HPI-2) rank..
Human poverty index (HPI-2) value (%)..
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 60 (% of cohort), 2000-0520.2
Population lacking functional literacy skills (% aged 16-65), 1994-2003..
Long-term unemployment (% of labour force), 2006..
Population living below 50% of median income (%), 2000-2004..6
Population living below $11 a day (1994 PPP US$), 1994-95..
Population living below $4 a day (1990 PPP US$), 2000-04..6
HPI-2 rank minus income poverty rank..
05. Demographic trends
Population, total (millions), 19752.8
Population, total (millions), 20055.9
Population, total (millions), 20157.0
Population, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20052.5
Population, annual growth rate (%), 2005-151.7
Population, urban (% of total population), 197539.0
Population, urban (% of total population), 200558.5
Population, urban (% of total population), 201564.4
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 200535.8
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 201531.4
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 20054.8
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 20155.8
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 1970-755.4
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-053.5
06. Commitment to health: resources, access and services
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20042.6
Private expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20045.1
Health expenditure per capita (PPP US$), 2004327
One-year-olds fully immunized against tuberculosis (%), 200578
One-year-olds fully immunized against measles (%), 200590
Children with diarrhoea receiving oral rehydration and continued feeding (% under age 5), 1998-2005..
Contraceptive prevalence rate (% of married women aged 15-49), 1997-200573
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%), 1997-200577
Physicians (per 100,000 people), 2000-041116
07. Water, sanitation and nutritional status
Population using improved sanitation (%), 199058
Population using improved sanitation (%), 200480
Population using an improved water source (%), 199062
Population using an improved water source (%), 200486
Population undernourished (% of total population), 1990-92186
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002-0415
Children under weight for age (% under age 5), 1996-20055
Children under height for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005..6
Infants with low birthweight (%), 1998-20059
08. Inequalities in maternal and child health
Survey year for inequality data in table 81990
Births attended by skilled health personnel, poorest 20% (%)41
Births attended by skilled health personnel, richest 20% (%)98
One-year-olds fully immunized, poorest 20% (%)20
One-year-olds fully immunized, richest 20% (%)53
Children under height for age, poorest 20% (% children under age 5)23
Children under height for age, richest 20% (% children under age 5)3
Infant mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)43
Infant mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)16
Under-five mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)57
Under-five mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)20
09. Leading global health crises and risks
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 20050.4 [0.2–4.6]
Condom use at last high-risk sex, women (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Condom use at last high-risk sex, men (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 using insecticide-treated bednets (%), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 with fever treated with antimalarial drugs (%), 1999-2005..
Tuberculosis cases, prevalence (per 100,000 people), 2005100
Tuberculosis cases detected under DOTS (%), 200533
Tuberculosis cases cured under DOTS (%), 200383
Prevalence of smoking, women (% of adults), 2002-0476
Prevalence of smoking, men (% of adults), 2002-04236
10. Survival: progress and setbacks
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 1970-7565.8
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 2000-0570.8
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 197058
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200520
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 197078
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200523
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, female (% of cohort), 2000-0577.7
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, male (% of cohort), 2000-0570.8
Maternal mortality ratio, reported (per 100,000 live births), 1990-2004180
Maternal mortality ratio, adjusted (per 100,000 live births), 20001506
11. Commitment to education: public spending
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 19911.9
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-054.3
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 199110.3
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 2002-0510.8
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 2002-0554
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 2002-0528
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 1991..
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 2002-0518
12. Literacy and enrolment
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1985-199590.3
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200593.57
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1985-199595.6
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1995-200595.97
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 199194
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 2005888
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 199126
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 2005..
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 199174
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 2004818
Tertiary students in science, engineering, manufacturing and construction (% of tertiary students), 1999-2005..
13. Technology: diffusion and creation
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 199027
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 200554
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 19900
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 2005320
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 19900
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 200534
Patents granted to residents (per million peole), 2005..
Receipts of royalties and license fees (US$ per person), 200533.2
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP), 2000-20059.63864108409657E-02
Researchers in R&D (per million people), 1990-200579
14. Economic performance
GDP (current US$ billions), 20057.3
GDP, PPP (current international $ billions), 200527.49
GDP per capita (US$), 20051,242
GDP per capita, PPP (2005 international $), 20054,6429
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20050.5
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1990-2005- 0.6
GDP per capita, highest value (2005 PPP US$), 1975-20055,430
GDP per capita, year of highest value1981
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 1990-200511.1
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 2004-056.8
15. Inequality in income or expenditure
Survey Year200310
Share of income or consumption, poorest 10% (%)0.7
Share of income or consumption, poorest 20% (%)2.4
Share of income or consumption, richest 20% (%)61.9
Share of income or consumption, richest 10% (%)46.1
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 10% to poorest 10%65.4
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 20% to poorest 20%25.7
Gini index58.4
16. Structure of trade
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 199039
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 200554
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 199033
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 200547
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 19909011
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 20058712
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 199010
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 20051312
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 19900.2
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 20056.612
Terms of trade (2000=100), 2004-200511212
17. OECD-DAC country expenditures on aid
Official development assistance, net disbursed (US$ millions), 2005..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 1990..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 2005..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 1990..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 2005..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 1990..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 2005..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 1996-1997..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 2004-2005..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 1990..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 2005..
18. Flows of aid, private capital and debt
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (US$ millions), 200551.1
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) per capita (US$), 20058.3
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 19901.1
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 20050.7
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 19901.5
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 20050.9
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 1990- 0.2
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 2005(.)
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 19906.2
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 20056.7
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 199012.4
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 200511.4
19. Priorities in public spending
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20042.6
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 19911.9
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-054.3
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 19901.0
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 20050.7
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 19906.2
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 20056.7
20. Unemployment in OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 2006..
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 2006..
Unemployment rate, average annual (% of labour force), 1996-2006..
Unemployment rate Female (% of male rate), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate, total (% of labour force aged 15-24), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, women (% of total unemployment), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, men (% of total unemployment), 2006..
21. Unemployment and informal sector work in non-OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 1996-2005206
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 1996-20058.1
Unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 1996-2005151
Employment, total (thousands), 1996-20052,247
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment), 1996-200532
Employment in industry (% of total employment), 1996-200516
Employment in services (% of total employment), 1996-200553
Survey year, 1990-200419956
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, both sexes (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004666
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, female (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, male (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004..
22. Energy and the environment
Electricity consumption per capita (kilowatt-hours), 20041,146
Electricity consumption per capita (% change), 1990-20041.0
Electrification rate (%)86
Population without electricity (millions)0.9
GDP per unit of energy use (2000 PPP US$ per kg of oil equivalent), 20046.4
GDP per unit of energy use (% change), 1990-2004(.)
Forest area (% total land), 200546.5
Forest area (thousand sq km), 2005184.8
Forest area change from 1990-2005 (thousand sq km), 1990-2005- 26.8
Forest area, average annual change (%), 1990-2005- 0.8
23. Energy sources
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 19903.1
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 20054.0
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 2005..
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 2005..
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 2005..
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 2005..
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 2005..
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 1990..
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 2005..
24. Carbon dioxide emissions and stocks
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 19902.3
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 20044.2
CO2 emissions, average annual change in (%), 1990-20046.1
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 1990(.)
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 2004(.)
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 19900.5
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 20040.7
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 19900.73
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 20041.04
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 19900.12
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 20040.18
CO2 emissions/sequestration from forests (Mt CO2 per year), 1990-2005..
Carbon stocks in forests (living biomass) (Mt C), 2005..
25. Status of major international environmental treaties
Status of environmental treaties - Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (year of ratification/signature)2004
Status of environmental treaties - Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)1994
Status of environmental treaties - Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)1999
Status of environmental treaties - Convention on Biological Diversity (year of ratification/signature)1994
Status of environmental treaties - Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature), 19881992
Status of environmental treaties - Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature)1992
Status of environmental treaties - Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (year of ratification/signature), 20012004
Status of environmental treaties - UN Law of the Sea (year of ratification/signature)1986
Status of environmental treaties - UN Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (year of ratification/signature)1997
26. Refugees and armaments
Internally displaced people (thousands), 2006..
Refugees by country of asylum (thousands), 2006(.)
Refugees by country of origin (thousands), 2006(.)
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 19962
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 20060
Conventional arms transfers, exports (1990 US$ millions), 2006..
Conventional arms transfers, exports (% of world total), 2002-06..
Armed forces (thousands), 200710
Armed forces, index (1985=100), 200769
27. Crime and justice
Homicides (per 100,000 people), 2000-200412.6
Prison population total, 20075063
Prison population (per 100,000 people), 200786
Prison population (% female), 20075
Year in which countries have partially or completely abolished the death penalty1992
28. Gender-related development index
Gender-related development index (GDI) rank, 200585
Gender-related development index (GDI) value, 20050.744
Life expectancy at birth, female (years), 200573.4
Life expectancy at birth, male (years), 200569.2
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200592.76
Adult literacy rate, male (% aged 15 and older), 200594.36
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, female (%) , 20057013
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, male (%) , 20056913
Estimated earned income, female (PPP US$), 20052,358
Estimated earned income, male (PPP US$), 20056,892
HDI rank minus GDI rank, 2005- 1
29. Gender empowerment measure
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) rank78
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) value0.428
Seats in parliament (% held by women)9.6
Legislators, senior officials and managers (% female), 1999-200523
Professional and technical workers (% female), 1994-20055414
Ratio of estimated female to male earned income0.34
30. Gender inequality in education
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older) , 200592.715
Adult literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20050.9815
Youth literacy rate, female (% aged 15-24), 200596.115
Youth literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20051.0015
Net primary enrolment rate, female (%), 20058816
Net primary enrolment rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20051.0016
Gross primary enrolment ratio, female (%), 200510316
Gross primary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio)0.9716
Gross secondary enrolment ratio, female (%), 20056416
Gross secondary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20051.0216
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005281716
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20051.341716
31. Gender inequality in economic activity
Economic activity rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200565.1
Economic activity index (1990=100), female (aged 15 and older), 2005126
Economic activity rate (female rate as % of male rate, aged 15 and older), 200577
Employment in agriculture, female (% of total female employment), 1995-200520
Employment in agriculture, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200439
Employment in industry, female (% of total female employment), 1995-200310
Employment in industry, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200319
Employment in services, female (% of total female employment), 1995-200370
Employment in services, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200342
Contributing family workers, women (% of total), 1995-2005..
Contributing family workers, men (% of total), 1995-2004..
33. Women’s political participation
Year women received right to vote1961
Year women received right to stand for election1961
Year first woman elected (E) or appointed (A) to parliament1963 E
Women in government at ministerial level (as % of total), 200530.8
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 19905.6
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 200710.0
Seats in upper house or senate (% held by women), 20078.9
34. Status of major international human rights instruments
Status of human rights instruments: International convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (year of ratification/signature), 19482001
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (year of ratification/signature), 19652003
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (year of ratification/signature), 19661992
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (year of ratification/signature), 19661992
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (year of ratification/signature), 19791987
Status of human rights instruments: Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (year of ratification/signature), 19841990
Status of human rights instruments: Convention on the Rights of the Child (year of ratification/signature), 19891990
35. Status of fundamental labour rights conventions
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 87 (year of ratification/signature)1962
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 98 (year of ratification/signature)1966
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 29 (year of ratification/signature)1967
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 105 (year of ratification/signature)1968
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 100 (year of ratification/signature)1964
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 111 (year of ratification/signature)1967
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 138 (year of ratification/signature)2004
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 182 (year of ratification/signature)2001

Notes:
1 - UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimates based on its Global Age-specific Literacy Projections model, April 2007.
2 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
3 - Data refer to a year other than that specified.
4 - World Bank estimate based on regression.
5 - UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimates based on its Global Age-specific Literacy Projections model, April 2007.
6 -
7 - UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimates based on its Global Age-specific Literacy Projections model, April 2007.
8 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified.
9 - World Bank estimates based on regression.
10 - Data refer to income shares by percentiles of population, ranked by per capita income.
11 - One or more of the components of primary exports are missing.
12 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified; from 2000 onwards.
13 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified.
14 - Data follow the ISCO-68 classification.
15 - UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate based on its Global Age-specific Literacy Projections model, April 2007.
16 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified.
17 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.

Symbols :
.. Data not available
(.) Greater (or less) than zero but small enough to be rounded off to zero at the displayed number of decimal points
<Less than
-Not applicable
TTotal