Highlights

2007/2008 Report
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The latest global Report on the theme of climate change has been launched on 27 November 2007.

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2007/2008 Report

Uruguay
HDI Rank - 46
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01. Human development index
Human development index value, 20050.852
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 200575.9
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200596.8
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200588.912
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 20059,962
Life expectancy index0.848
Education index0.942
GDP index0.768
GDP per capita (PPP US$) rank minus HDI rank16
1a. Basic indicators for other UN member states
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 2000-0575.9
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200596.8
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 200588.9
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 20059,962
Population, total (thousands), 20043,326
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-052.2
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200515
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 200493
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 20050.5 [0.2–6.1]
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002/04..
Population using an improved water source (%), 2004100
02. Human development index trends
Human development index (trends), 19750.762
Human development index (trends), 19800.782
Human development index (trends), 19850.787
Human development index (trends), 19900.806
Human development index (trends), 19950.821
Human development index (trends), 20000.842
Human development index (trends), 20050.852
03. Human and income poverty: developing countries
Human poverty index (HPI-1) rank2
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) value (%)3.5
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40 (% of cohort), 2000-054.3
Adult illiteracy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-20053.2
Population not using an improved water source (%), 20040
Children underweight for age (% under age 5), 1996-200553
Population living below $1 a day (%), 1990-2005..
Population living below $2 a day (%), 1990-20055.7
Population living below the national poverty line (%), 1990-2004..4
HPI-1 rank minus income poverty rank0
04. Human and income poverty: OECD countries, Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS
Human poverty index (HPI-2) rank..
Human poverty index (HPI-2) value (%)..
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 60 (% of cohort), 2000-0513.3
Population lacking functional literacy skills (% aged 16-65), 1994-2003..
Long-term unemployment (% of labour force), 2006..
Population living below 50% of median income (%), 2000-2004..4
Population living below $11 a day (1994 PPP US$), 1994-95..
Population living below $4 a day (1990 PPP US$), 2000-04..4
HPI-2 rank minus income poverty rank..
05. Demographic trends
Population, total (millions), 19752.8
Population, total (millions), 20053.3
Population, total (millions), 20153.4
Population, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20050.5
Population, annual growth rate (%), 2005-150.3
Population, urban (% of total population), 197583.4
Population, urban (% of total population), 200592.0
Population, urban (% of total population), 201593.1
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 200523.8
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 201521.4
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 200513.5
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 201514.4
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 1970-753.0
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-052.2
06. Commitment to health: resources, access and services
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20043.6
Private expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20044.6
Health expenditure per capita (PPP US$), 2004784
One-year-olds fully immunized against tuberculosis (%), 200599
One-year-olds fully immunized against measles (%), 200595
Children with diarrhoea receiving oral rehydration and continued feeding (% under age 5), 1998-2005..
Contraceptive prevalence rate (% of married women aged 15-49), 1997-200584
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%), 1997-2005100
Physicians (per 100,000 people), 2000-043654
07. Water, sanitation and nutritional status
Population using improved sanitation (%), 1990100
Population using improved sanitation (%), 2004100
Population using an improved water source (%), 1990100
Population using an improved water source (%), 2004100
Population undernourished (% of total population), 1990-9274
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002-04..
Children under weight for age (% under age 5), 1996-200555
Children under height for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005144
Infants with low birthweight (%), 1998-20058
08. Inequalities in maternal and child health
Survey year for inequality data in table 8..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, poorest 20% (%)..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, richest 20% (%)..
One-year-olds fully immunized, poorest 20% (%)..
One-year-olds fully immunized, richest 20% (%)..
Children under height for age, poorest 20% (% children under age 5)..
Children under height for age, richest 20% (% children under age 5)..
Infant mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Infant mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Under-five mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
Under-five mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births)..
09. Leading global health crises and risks
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 20050.5 [0.2–6.1]
Condom use at last high-risk sex, women (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Condom use at last high-risk sex, men (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 using insecticide-treated bednets (%), 1999-2005..
Children under age 5 with fever treated with antimalarial drugs (%), 1999-2005..
Tuberculosis cases, prevalence (per 100,000 people), 200533
Tuberculosis cases detected under DOTS (%), 200583
Tuberculosis cases cured under DOTS (%), 2003866
Prevalence of smoking, women (% of adults), 2002-04244
Prevalence of smoking, men (% of adults), 2002-04354
10. Survival: progress and setbacks
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 1970-7568.7
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 2000-0575.3
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 197048
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200514
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 197057
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 200515
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, female (% of cohort), 2000-0587.1
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, male (% of cohort), 2000-0574.4
Maternal mortality ratio, reported (per 100,000 live births), 1990-200426
Maternal mortality ratio, adjusted (per 100,000 live births), 2000204
11. Commitment to education: public spending
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 19912.5
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-052.6
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 199116.6
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 2002-057.9
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 199136
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 2002-054278
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 199129
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 2002-053878
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 199124
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 2002-052078
12. Literacy and enrolment
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1985-199595.4
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-200596.8
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1985-199598.6
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1995-200598.6
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 199191
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 200593910
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 1991..
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 2005..
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 199197
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 20049110
Tertiary students in science, engineering, manufacturing and construction (% of tertiary students), 1999-2005..
13. Technology: diffusion and creation
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 1990134
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 2005290
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 19900
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 2005333
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 19900
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 2005193
Patents granted to residents (per million peole), 20051
Receipts of royalties and license fees (US$ per person), 2005(.)
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP), 2000-20050.263972381698858
Researchers in R&D (per million people), 1990-2005366
14. Economic performance
GDP (current US$ billions), 200516.8
GDP, PPP (current international $ billions), 200534.5
GDP per capita (US$), 20054,848
GDP per capita, PPP (2005 international $), 20059,962
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1975-20051.1
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1990-20050.8
GDP per capita, highest value (2005 PPP US$), 1975-200510,459
GDP per capita, year of highest value1998
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 1990-200522.3
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 2004-054.7
15. Inequality in income or expenditure
Survey Year200311
Share of income or consumption, poorest 10% (%)1.9
Share of income or consumption, poorest 20% (%)5.0
Share of income or consumption, richest 20% (%)50.5
Share of income or consumption, richest 10% (%)34.0
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 10% to poorest 10%17.9
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 20% to poorest 20%10.2
Gini index44.9
16. Structure of trade
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 199018
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 200528
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 199024
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 200530
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 199061
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 200568
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 199039
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 200532
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 1990..
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 20052.412
Terms of trade (2000=100), 2004-2005108
17. OECD-DAC country expenditures on aid
Official development assistance, net disbursed (US$ millions), 2005..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 1990..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 2005..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 1990..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 2005..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 1990..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 2005..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 1996-1997..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 2004-2005..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 1990..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 2005..
18. Flows of aid, private capital and debt
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (US$ millions), 200514.6
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) per capita (US$), 20054.2
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 19900.6
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 20050.1
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 19900.4
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 20054.2
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 1990- 2.1
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 20052.1
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 199010.6
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 200513.3
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 199040.8
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 200538.9
19. Priorities in public spending
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 20043.6
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 19912.5
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-052.6
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 19903.1
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 20051.3
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 199010.6
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 200513.3
20. Unemployment in OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 2006..
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 2006..
Unemployment rate, average annual (% of labour force), 1996-2006..
Unemployment rate Female (% of male rate), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate, total (% of labour force aged 15-24), 2006..
Youth unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, women (% of total unemployment), 2006..
Long-term unemployment, men (% of total unemployment), 2006..
21. Unemployment and informal sector work in non-OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 1996-2005155
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 1996-200512.2
Unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 1996-2005161
Employment, total (thousands), 1996-20051,1154
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment), 1996-200554
Employment in industry (% of total employment), 1996-2005224
Employment in services (% of total employment), 1996-2005744
Survey year, 1990-20042000
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, both sexes (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-200430
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, female (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-200425
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, male (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-200434
22. Energy and the environment
Electricity consumption per capita (kilowatt-hours), 20042,408
Electricity consumption per capita (% change), 1990-20040.5
Electrification rate (%)95
Population without electricity (millions)0.2
GDP per unit of energy use (2000 PPP US$ per kg of oil equivalent), 200410.4
GDP per unit of energy use (% change), 1990-20040.1
Forest area (% total land), 20058.6
Forest area (thousand sq km), 200515.1
Forest area change from 1990-2005 (thousand sq km), 1990-20056.0
Forest area, average annual change (%), 1990-20054.4
23. Energy sources
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 19902.3
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 20052.9
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 1990(.)
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 20050.1
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 199058.6
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 200559.4
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 19900
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 20053.1
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 199026.8
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 200519.9
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 199024.2
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 200515.4
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 19900
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 20050
24. Carbon dioxide emissions and stocks
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 19903.9
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 20045.5
CO2 emissions, average annual change in (%), 1990-20042.9
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 1990(.)
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 2004(.)
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 19901.2
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 20041.6
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 19901.74
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 20041.91
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 19900.18
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 20040.19
CO2 emissions/sequestration from forests (Mt CO2 per year), 1990-2005..
Carbon stocks in forests (living biomass) (Mt C), 2005..
25. Status of major international environmental treaties
Status of environmental treaties - Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (year of ratification/signature)200113
Status of environmental treaties - Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)1994
Status of environmental treaties - Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature)2001
Status of environmental treaties - Convention on Biological Diversity (year of ratification/signature)1993
Status of environmental treaties - Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature), 19881989
Status of environmental treaties - Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature)1991
Status of environmental treaties - Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (year of ratification/signature), 20012004
Status of environmental treaties - UN Law of the Sea (year of ratification/signature)1992
Status of environmental treaties - UN Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (year of ratification/signature)1999
26. Refugees and armaments
Internally displaced people (thousands), 2006..
Refugees by country of asylum (thousands), 2006(.)
Refugees by country of origin (thousands), 2006(.)
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 19964
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 20067
Conventional arms transfers, exports (1990 US$ millions), 20060
Conventional arms transfers, exports (% of world total), 2002-06..
Armed forces (thousands), 200725
Armed forces, index (1985=100), 200778
27. Crime and justice
Homicides (per 100,000 people), 2000-20045.6
Prison population total, 20076947
Prison population (per 100,000 people), 2007193
Prison population (% female), 20076
Year in which countries have partially or completely abolished the death penalty1907
28. Gender-related development index
Gender-related development index (GDI) rank, 200545
Gender-related development index (GDI) value, 20050.849
Life expectancy at birth, female (years), 200579.4
Life expectancy at birth, male (years), 200572.2
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200597.3
Adult literacy rate, male (% aged 15 and older), 200596.2
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, female (%) , 20059514
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, male (%) , 20058314
Estimated earned income, female (PPP US$), 20057,20315
Estimated earned income, male (PPP US$), 200512,89015
HDI rank minus GDI rank, 20050
29. Gender empowerment measure
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) rank59
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) value0.525
Seats in parliament (% held by women)10.8
Legislators, senior officials and managers (% female), 1999-200540
Professional and technical workers (% female), 1994-200554
Ratio of estimated female to male earned income0.56
30. Gender inequality in education
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older) , 200597.3
Adult literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20051.01
Youth literacy rate, female (% aged 15-24), 200599.0
Youth literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20051.01
Net primary enrolment rate, female (%), 2005931617
Net primary enrolment rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 20051.011617
Gross primary enrolment ratio, female (%), 200510817
Gross primary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio)0.9817
Gross secondary enrolment ratio, female (%), 200511317
Gross secondary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20051.1617
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005551617
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 20052.031617
31. Gender inequality in economic activity
Economic activity rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 200556.4
Economic activity index (1990=100), female (aged 15 and older), 2005123
Economic activity rate (female rate as % of male rate, aged 15 and older), 200572
Employment in agriculture, female (% of total female employment), 1995-20052
Employment in agriculture, male (% of total male employment), 1995-20047
Employment in industry, female (% of total female employment), 1995-200313
Employment in industry, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200329
Employment in services, female (% of total female employment), 1995-200386
Employment in services, male (% of total male employment), 1995-200364
Contributing family workers, women (% of total), 1995-2005..
Contributing family workers, men (% of total), 1995-2004..
33. Women’s political participation
Year women received right to vote1932
Year women received right to stand for election1932
Year first woman elected (E) or appointed (A) to parliament1942 E
Women in government at ministerial level (as % of total), 20050
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 19906.1
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 200711.1
Seats in upper house or senate (% held by women), 20079.7
34. Status of major international human rights instruments
Status of human rights instruments: International convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (year of ratification/signature), 19481967
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (year of ratification/signature), 19651968
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (year of ratification/signature), 19661970
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (year of ratification/signature), 19661970
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (year of ratification/signature), 19791981
Status of human rights instruments: Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (year of ratification/signature), 19841986
Status of human rights instruments: Convention on the Rights of the Child (year of ratification/signature), 19891990
35. Status of fundamental labour rights conventions
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 87 (year of ratification/signature)1954
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 98 (year of ratification/signature)1954
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 29 (year of ratification/signature)1995
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 105 (year of ratification/signature)1968
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 100 (year of ratification/signature)1989
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 111 (year of ratification/signature)1989
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 138 (year of ratification/signature)1977
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 182 (year of ratification/signature)2001

Notes:
1 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
2 - Data refer to a year other than that specified.
3 - Data refer to a year or period other than that specified, differ from the standard definition or refer to only part of a country.
4 -
5 - Data refer to a year or period other than that specified, differ from the standard definition or refer to only part of a country.
6 - Data refer to a period other than that specified.
7 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
8 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified (in the period 1999 to 2001).
9 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
10 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified.
11 - Data refer to income shares by percentiles of population, ranked by per capita income.
12 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified; from 2000 onwards.
13 - Signature not yet followed by ratification.
14 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified.
15 - No wage data are available. For the purposes of calculating the estimated female and male earned income, a value of 0.75 was used for the ratio of the female nonagricultural wage to the male nonagricultural wage.
16 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
17 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified.