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Population with at least secondary education (Ratio of female to male rates)

Percentage of the population ages 25 and older that has attained a secondary or higher level of education.

Source: Barro, R.J and J.-W.Lee.(2010). [A New Data Set of Educational Attainment in the World, 1950-2010."NBER Working Paper No. 15902.] http://www.nber.org/papers/w15902

Data in the tables are those available to the Human Development Report Office as of 15 May 2011, unless otherwise specified.

HDI Rank Country 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
.. Very high human development 0.898 0.917 0.943 0.929 0.939 0.959 0.969
.. High human development 0.822 0.849 0.876 0.918 0.914 0.933 0.941
.. Medium human development 0.445 0.510 0.599 0.640 0.656 0.683 0.714
.. Low human development 0.209 0.313 0.378 0.437 0.491 0.529 0.572
1 Norway 0.742 0.844 0.896 0.913 0.929 1.000 1.002
2 Australia 1.002 1.027 1.013 1.000 0.993 0.983 0.979
3 Netherlands 0.889 0.912 0.928 0.945 0.955 0.958 0.968
4 United States 1.002 1.023 1.040 1.007 1.004 1.004 1.009
5 New Zealand 0.914 0.912 0.912 0.936 0.955 0.965 0.975
6 Canada 0.997 0.997 0.998 0.993 0.998 0.993 0.996
7 Ireland 1.088 1.069 1.047 1.029 1.026 1.019 1.010
8 Liechtenstein .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
9 Germany 0.821 0.833 0.837 0.808 0.810 0.984 0.984
10 Sweden 0.922 0.951 0.970 0.983 1.005 1.016 1.009
11 Switzerland 0.908 0.839 0.822 0.812 0.800 0.842 0.862
12 Japan 0.912 0.921 0.933 0.942 0.954 0.963 0.972
13 Hong Kong, China (SAR) 0.649 0.726 0.802 0.858 0.907 0.938 0.948
14 Iceland 1.138 1.148 1.169 1.180 1.137 1.121 1.149
15 Korea (Republic of) 0.574 0.673 0.688 0.784 0.819 0.846 0.866
16 Denmark 0.709 0.791 0.762 0.803 0.844 0.877 0.900
17 Israel 0.871 0.920 0.953 0.979 1.000 0.994 1.021
18 Belgium 0.832 0.853 0.908 0.923 0.932 0.927 0.948
19 Austria 0.578 0.619 0.661 0.699 0.730 0.756 0.784
20 France 0.691 0.782 0.847 0.889 0.917 0.908 0.941
21 Slovenia 0.500 0.529 0.570 0.606 0.713 0.692 0.720
22 Finland 0.958 0.892 0.892 0.946 0.893 0.988 1.000
23 Spain 0.689 0.757 0.791 0.864 0.905 0.893 0.937
24 Italy 0.714 0.741 0.775 0.805 0.825 0.851 0.859
25 Luxembourg 0.723 0.747 0.792 0.818 0.858 0.882 0.898
26 Singapore 0.676 0.869 0.947 0.895 0.874 0.823 0.885
27 Czech Republic 0.644 0.863 0.986 1.000 0.984 1.000 0.976
28 United Kingdom 1.015 1.013 1.012 1.011 1.010 1.013 1.015
29 Greece 0.675 0.699 0.754 0.805 0.845 0.856 0.895
30 United Arab Emirates 0.949 1.000 1.049 1.046 1.027 1.011 0.995
31 Cyprus 0.687 0.749 0.790 0.826 0.879 0.754 0.845
32 Andorra .. .. .. .. 0.998 .. ..
33 Brunei Darussalam 0.726 0.807 0.846 0.985 1.046 1.060 1.089
34 Estonia 0.951 0.987 0.989 0.991 0.965 0.990 0.998
35 Slovakia 0.647 0.704 0.736 0.752 0.817 0.895 0.927
36 Malta 0.731 0.767 0.796 0.830 0.848 0.864 0.876
37 Qatar 0.929 1.025 1.107 1.143 1.133 1.091 1.136
38 Hungary 0.658 0.694 0.725 0.870 0.915 0.955 0.964
39 Poland 0.740 0.790 1.247 0.864 0.910 0.927 0.950
40 Lithuania 0.839 0.857 0.875 0.898 0.925 0.929 0.960
41 Portugal 0.669 0.755 0.796 0.876 0.931 0.942 0.965
42 Bahrain 0.639 0.848 0.913 0.843 0.756 0.875 0.926
43 Latvia 0.914 0.937 0.948 0.967 1.006 0.976 0.986
44 Chile 0.935 0.962 0.959 0.959 0.952 0.959 0.965
45 Argentina 0.954 0.897 0.945 0.975 1.009 1.026 1.038
46 Croatia 0.546 0.602 0.646 0.696 0.733 0.767 0.794
47 Barbados 0.899 0.913 0.947 0.983 1.014 1.023 1.022
48 Uruguay 1.057 1.095 1.000 0.805 0.969 1.061 1.095
49 Palau .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
50 Romania 0.664 0.759 0.830 0.860 0.892 0.910 0.926
51 Cuba 0.806 0.796 0.848 0.882 0.898 0.911 0.920
52 Seychelles .. .. .. .. 1.005 .. ..
53 Bahamas .. .. .. .. 1.041 .. ..
54 Montenegro .. .. .. .. 0.987 .. ..
55 Bulgaria 0.935 0.946 0.937 0.949 0.953 0.968 0.979
56 Saudi Arabia 0.290 0.366 0.512 0.594 0.679 0.807 0.868
57 Mexico 0.703 0.765 0.832 0.844 0.868 0.892 0.901
58 Panama 1.045 1.032 1.051 1.049 1.049 1.049 1.046
59 Serbia 0.509 0.573 0.648 0.717 0.773 0.814 0.873
60 Antigua and Barbuda .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
61 Malaysia 0.579 0.734 0.757 0.814 0.844 0.885 0.907
62 Trinidad and Tobago 0.985 1.000 1.011 1.019 1.012 1.014 1.016
63 Kuwait 0.843 1.030 0.983 0.931 1.003 1.147 1.189
64 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 0.331 0.539 0.611 0.749 0.891 1.073 1.264
65 Belarus .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
66 Russian Federation 0.796 0.826 0.851 0.930 0.908 0.934 0.948
67 Grenada .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
68 Kazakhstan 0.821 0.861 0.894 0.929 0.943 0.958 0.970
69 Costa Rica 0.952 0.960 0.973 0.990 1.012 1.008 1.030
70 Albania 0.755 0.798 0.845 0.877 0.882 0.916 0.932
71 Lebanon .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
72 Saint Kitts and Nevis .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
73 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0.878 0.896 0.967 0.986 1.014 1.064 1.130
74 Bosnia and Herzegovina .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
75 Georgia .. .. .. .. 0.968 .. ..
76 Ukraine 0.787 0.820 0.856 0.907 0.897 0.944 0.952
77 Mauritius 0.617 0.664 0.647 0.730 0.744 0.825 0.854
78 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia .. .. .. .. 0.723 .. ..
79 Jamaica 1.077 1.087 1.000 1.102 1.081 1.085 1.041
80 Peru 0.701 0.722 0.784 0.788 0.808 0.810 0.757
81 Dominica .. .. .. .. 1.280 .. ..
82 Saint Lucia .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
83 Ecuador 0.918 0.903 0.892 0.933 0.989 0.976 0.965
84 Brazil 0.903 0.974 1.085 1.111 1.086 1.040 1.054
85 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
86 Armenia 0.936 0.948 0.961 0.968 0.973 0.983 0.993
87 Colombia 0.873 0.920 0.953 0.980 0.990 1.010 1.009
88 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.391 0.452 0.498 0.529 0.562 0.613 0.682
89 Oman .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
90 Tonga 0.904 0.924 0.910 0.955 0.983 0.981 0.956
91 Azerbaijan .. .. .. .. 0.938 .. ..
92 Turkey 0.411 0.441 0.464 0.461 0.502 0.539 0.580
93 Belize 0.862 0.937 0.939 1.007 1.043 1.091 1.073
94 Tunisia 0.345 0.383 0.449 0.501 0.552 0.619 0.698
95 Jordan 0.406 0.520 0.614 0.751 0.770 0.734 0.769
96 Algeria 0.357 0.385 0.459 0.523 0.577 0.643 0.736
97 Sri Lanka 0.844 0.845 0.892 0.928 0.951 0.961 0.973
98 Dominican Republic 0.824 0.823 0.857 0.939 1.073 1.132 1.188
99 Samoa .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
100 Fiji 0.700 0.756 0.932 0.961 0.973 0.977 0.977
101 China 0.457 0.558 0.683 0.714 0.713 0.744 0.778
102 Turkmenistan .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
103 Thailand 0.524 0.586 0.650 0.668 0.714 0.766 0.759
104 Suriname .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
105 El Salvador 0.781 0.860 0.855 0.861 0.838 0.857 0.853
106 Gabon 2.386 2.100 1.755 1.535 1.457 1.500 1.553
107 Paraguay 0.792 0.820 0.862 0.901 0.856 0.878 0.900
108 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 0.621 0.646 0.702 0.721 0.722 0.761 0.812
109 Maldives 0.761 0.770 0.778 0.799 0.828 0.789 0.838
110 Mongolia 0.715 0.773 0.887 0.897 0.941 0.980 1.015
111 Moldova (Republic of) 0.810 0.837 0.866 0.887 0.902 0.915 0.929
112 Philippines 0.867 0.912 0.928 0.961 0.989 1.014 1.035
113 Egypt 0.376 0.397 0.456 0.531 0.613 0.674 0.732
114 Occupied Palestinian Territory .. .. .. .. 0.809 .. ..
115 Uzbekistan .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
116 Micronesia (Federated States of) .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
117 Guyana 0.749 0.853 0.911 0.947 0.982 1.000 0.975
118 Botswana 0.528 0.824 0.990 0.992 0.996 0.988 0.949
119 Syrian Arab Republic 0.309 0.450 0.622 0.852 1.077 0.922 1.025
120 Namibia 0.784 0.813 0.877 0.929 1.021 1.063 1.075
121 Honduras 0.907 0.961 0.979 1.009 1.024 0.946 0.878
122 Kiribati .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
123 South Africa 1.083 0.925 0.943 0.972 0.928 0.957 0.976
124 Indonesia 0.470 0.365 0.562 0.632 0.670 0.716 0.778
125 Vanuatu .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
126 Kyrgyzstan 0.783 0.833 0.883 0.922 0.949 0.972 0.997
127 Tajikistan 0.759 0.814 0.852 0.899 0.932 0.973 1.086
128 Viet Nam 0.488 0.571 0.627 0.691 0.757 0.822 0.884
129 Nicaragua 0.249 0.306 0.399 0.472 0.548 0.622 0.689
130 Morocco 0.392 0.414 0.428 0.457 0.489 0.517 0.553
131 Guatemala 0.858 0.873 0.885 0.863 0.777 0.735 0.742
132 Iraq 0.332 0.362 0.399 0.439 0.477 0.502 0.515
133 Cape Verde .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
134 India 0.307 0.358 0.394 0.433 0.471 0.498 0.528
135 Ghana 0.360 0.364 0.361 0.350 0.342 0.346 0.408
136 Equatorial Guinea .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
137 Congo 0.374 0.439 0.558 0.680 0.823 0.895 0.899
138 Lao People's Democratic Republic 0.156 0.213 0.319 0.417 0.507 0.568 0.622
139 Cambodia 0.549 0.555 0.567 0.544 0.538 0.526 0.563
140 Swaziland 1.013 1.616 1.555 1.447 1.341 1.217 1.083
141 Bhutan .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
142 Solomon Islands .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
143 Kenya 0.255 0.275 0.323 0.369 0.408 0.451 0.521
144 Sao Tome and Principe .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
145 Pakistan 0.086 0.265 0.270 0.327 0.381 0.448 0.502
146 Bangladesh 0.212 0.338 0.447 0.563 0.705 0.723 0.784
147 Timor-Leste .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
148 Angola .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
149 Myanmar 0.426 0.476 1.000 0.985 1.014 1.040 1.023
150 Cameroon 0.326 0.394 0.438 0.493 0.550 0.583 0.605
151 Madagascar .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
152 Tanzania (United Republic of) 0.265 0.314 0.355 0.413 0.531 0.566 0.606
153 Papua New Guinea 0.356 0.372 0.464 0.466 0.479 0.493 0.508
154 Yemen 1.000 0.138 0.245 0.142 0.168 0.247 0.311
155 Senegal 0.446 0.464 0.476 0.510 0.534 0.539 0.563
156 Nigeria .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
157 Nepal 0.077 0.183 0.253 0.273 0.315 0.387 0.448
158 Haiti 0.651 0.697 0.623 0.602 0.596 0.612 0.619
159 Mauritania 0.140 0.182 0.236 0.284 0.325 0.355 0.385
160 Lesotho 0.767 1.000 1.180 1.244 1.229 1.194 1.199
161 Uganda 0.212 0.278 0.395 0.423 0.441 0.502 0.437
162 Togo 0.299 0.294 0.314 0.317 0.326 0.331 0.339
163 Comoros .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
164 Zambia 0.301 0.346 0.392 0.811 0.498 0.539 0.582
165 Djibouti .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
166 Rwanda 0.431 0.505 0.628 0.766 0.847 0.877 0.920
167 Benin 0.372 0.378 0.339 0.369 0.406 0.414 0.436
168 Gambia 0.374 0.358 0.385 0.407 0.423 0.471 0.538
169 Sudan* 0.260 0.284 0.368 0.493 0.579 0.646 0.702
170 Côte d'Ivoire 0.217 0.265 0.292 0.348 0.414 0.479 0.540
171 Malawi 0.231 0.256 0.295 0.306 0.334 0.381 0.510
172 Afghanistan 0.127 0.131 0.151 0.215 0.253 0.275 0.171
173 Zimbabwe 0.462 0.487 0.514 0.620 0.669 0.737 0.787
174 Ethiopia .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
175 Mali 0.177 0.218 0.292 0.298 0.321 0.332 0.380
176 Guinea-Bissau .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
177 Eritrea .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
178 Guinea .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
179 Central African Republic 0.174 0.205 0.252 0.304 0.343 0.362 0.393
180 Sierra Leone 0.356 0.374 0.376 0.360 0.390 0.411 0.465
181 Burkina Faso .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
182 Liberia 0.274 0.274 0.280 0.303 0.335 0.359 0.400
183 Chad .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
184 Mozambique 1.000 0.190 0.205 0.264 0.293 0.284 0.249
185 Burundi 0.349 0.415 0.391 0.441 0.483 0.502 0.566
186 Niger 0.225 0.259 0.264 0.208 0.247 0.280 0.328
187 Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 0.150 0.201 0.268 0.227 0.217 0.262 0.295
.. Tuvalu .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. Somalia .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. San Marino .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. Nauru .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. Monaco .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. Marshall Islands .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. Korea (Democratic People's Rep. of) .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Footnotes
Symbols
.. Data not available
(.) Greater (or less) than zero but small enough to be rounded off to zero at the displayed number of decimal points
< Less than
- Not applicable
T Total

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2011 Report